Liturgy And Byzantinization In Jerusalem

This book examines the way Christians in Jerusalem prayed and how their prayer changed in the face of foreign invasions and the destruction of their places of worship.

The Church of Jerusalem, the 'mother of the churches of God', influenced all of Christendom before it underwent multiple captivities between the eighth and thirteenth centuries: first, political subjugation to Arab Islamic forces, then displacement of Greek-praying Christians by Crusaders, and finally ritual assimilation to fellow Orthodox Byzantines in Constantinople. All three contributed to the phenomenon of the Byzantinization of Jerusalem's liturgy, but only the last explains how it was completely lost and replaced by the liturgy of the imperial capital, Constantinople. The sources for this study are rediscovered manuscripts of Jerusalem's liturgical calendar and lectionary. When examined in context, they reveal that the devastating events of the Arab conquest in 638 and the destruction of the Holy Sepulchre in 1009 did not have as detrimental an effect on liturgy as previously held. Instead, they confirm that the process of Byzantinization was gradual and locally-effected, rather than an imposed element of Byzantine imperial policy or ideology of the Church of Constantinople. Originally, the city's worship consisted of reading scripture and singing hymns at places connected with the life of Christ, so that the link between holy sites and liturgy became a hallmark of Jerusalem's worship, but the changing sacred topography led to changes in the local liturgical tradition. Liturgy and Byzantinization in Jerusalem is the first study dedicated to the question of the Byzantinization of Jerusalem's liturgy, providing English translations of many liturgical texts and hymns here for the first time and offering a glimpse of Jerusalem's lost liturgical and theological tradition.

This book describes the Church of Jerusalem, as the mother of all Churches, and its liturgy in the beginnings of Christianity. The main objective of this research is to find, in the primary sources (as the pilgrim Egeria, St. Cyril of Jerusalem, the Armenian and the Georgian Lectionaries), the original elements of the Christian liturgy of the early Church of Jerusalem, in the first five centuries, and to collect the various scattered pieces. The author clarifies the image, and reconstructs, as far as possible, the historical-liturgical picture. By this book we will discover how much the other liturgical traditions of various churches, especially the Church of Rome, have copied the Jerusalemite tradition. The detailed description of the Jerusalemite liturgy, especially for the feasts of the liturgical year, offers us a vivid picture of Jerusalem's unique role in Christian devotion and the mysterious connection between the Christian faith and the land of biblical history. The presentation of the anaphora of St. James will enlighten our understanding of the Eucharistic prayer in all the liturgical traditions, especially Syriac, Byzantine and Roman.

In Introduction to Eastern Christian Liturgies, renowned liturgical scholars Stefanos Alexopoulos and Maxwell E. Johnson fulfill the need for a new, comprehensive, and straightforward survey of the liturgical life of the Eastern Christian Churches within the seven distinct liturgical Eastern rites still in existence today: Armenian, Byzantine, Coptic, Ethiopic, East Syrian, West Syrian, and Maronite. This topical overview covers baptism, chrismation, Eucharist, reconciliation, anointing, marriage, holy orders, burial, Liturgy of the Hours, the liturgical year, liturgical ethos and spirituality, and offers a brief yet comprehensive bibliography for further study. This book will be of special interest to masters-level students in liturgy and theology, pastoral ministers seeking an introduction to the liturgies of the Christian East, and all who seek to increase their knowledge of the liturgical riches of the Christian East.

Further Issues in Eucharistic Praying in East and West is a collection of essays concerned with the origins, development, and theologies of early Eucharistic praying. For students and teachers of liturgy, as well as all who seek solid, up-to-date scholarship on Eucharistic liturgy and theology, this volume provides current research on a variety of Eucharistic prayers in the churches of East and West. Essays and authors include: • Balancing Eucharistic Origins in the Work of Gordon Lathrop and Thomas O’Loughlin – Megan Effron • Shaping the Classical Anaphoras of the Fourth through Sixth Centuries – Nathan P. Chase • The Heis Theos Acclamations in the Barcelona Papyrus: A Eucharistic Liturgy without the Opening Line of the Christian Anaphoral Dialogue – Arsany Paul • Chiasmus in the Anaphoras of Addai and Mari and Sharar – Paul Elhallal • The Egyptian Origins of the Anaphora in Mystagogical Catechesis V ascribed to Cyril of Jerusalem - Maxwell E. Johnson • The Theology of Sacrifice in the Anaphora of Byzantine Basil – Lucas Christensen • Authority and Confluence of Traditions in Aksum: The Heritage of the Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition in the Ethiopian Anaphora of the Apostles – Andrij Hlabse • Vernacular Translation of the Roman Canon – Julia Canonico • Igbo Translations of the Roman Canon: Inculturation or the Battle for the Soul of Latin? – Joachim Ozonze • Recent Thoughts on the Roman Anaphora: Sacrifice in the Canon Missae – Maxwell E. Johnson

Examining liturgy as historical evidence has, in recent years, developed into a flourishing field of research. The chapters in this volume offer innovative discussion of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem from the perspective of 'liturgy in history'. They demonstrate how the total liturgical experience, which was visual, emotional, motile, olfactory, and aural, can be analysed to understand the messages that liturgy was intended to convey. The chapters reveal how combining narrative sources with liturgical documents can help decode political circumstances and inter-group relations and decipher the core ideals of the community of Outremer. Moreover, understanding the Latins’ liturgical activities in the Holy Land has much to contribute to our understanding of the crusade as an institution, how crusade spirituality was practised on the ground in the Latin East, and how people engaged with the crusading movement. This volume brings together eight original studies, forwarded by the editors’ introduction, on the liturgy of Jerusalem, spanning the immediate pre-Crusade and Crusade period (11th-13th centuries). It demonstrates the richness of a focus on the liturgy in illuminating the social, religious, and intellectual history of this critical period of ecclesiastical self-assertion, as well as conceptions of the sacred in this time and place. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Medieval History.

This book explores the complex history of contact and exchange between Byzantium and the Latin West over a formative period of more than three hundred years, with a focus on the political, ecclesiastical and cultural spheres.

In this study, Vevian Zaki places the Arabic versions of the Pauline Epistles in their historical context, exploring when, where, and how they were produced, transmitted, understood, and adapted among Eastern Christian communities across the centuries. She also considers the transmission and use of these texts among Muslim polemicists, as well as European missionaries and scholars. Underpinning the study is a close investigation of the manuscripts and a critical examination of their variant readings. The work concludes with a case study: an edition and translation of the Epistle to the Philippians from manuscripts London, BL, Or. 8612 and Vatican, BAV, Ar. 13; a comparison of the translation strategies employed in these two versions; and an investigation of the possible relations between them.