Low Dimensional And Nanostructured Materials And Devices

This book focuses on the fundamental phenomena at nanoscale. It covers synthesis, properties, characterization and computer modelling of nanomaterials, nanotechnologies, bionanotechnology, involving nanodevices. Further topics are imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating of low dimensional matter at nanoscale. The topics covered in the book are of vital importance in a wide range of modern and emerging technologies employed or to be employed in most industries, communication, healthcare, energy, conservation , biology, medical science, food, environment, and education, and consequently have great impact on our society.

This book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book’s treatment of cutting-edge application studies.

A presentation and discussion of the most recent advances in the field by the world's leading experts. Topics dealt with include new organic metals with quasi-two-dimensional structure, new organic superconductors, conducting and magnetic hybrid organic-inorganic materials, and highly conducting organic composites. Also reported are very interesting, significant results on optically controllable gratings in liquid crystals and polymers, organic electroluminescent materials, functionalised polymers and photonics, and nonlinear optics. Some new, fascinating fullerene derivatives and organic and metallic clusters are also presented. The chemical design of logic gates and molecular logic machines and the analysis of the roles of defects in clusters are attracting great interest. The properties of semiconducting quantum wires, electronic transport through magnetic molecular nanostructure and electronic transport properties of nanostructures containing both ferromagnetic and superconductors are also presented and discussed.

The last few years have seen dramatic advances in the growth, fabrication and characterization of low-dimensional materials and nanostructures. Most studies of these artificially engineered materials have been driven by their potential for device applications that involve smaller and smaller physical dimensions. In particular, the dynamical properties of these materials are of fundamental interest for the devices that involve high-frequency operation and/or switching. Consequently, the different excitations, vibrational, magnetic, optical, electronic, and so on, need to be understood from the perspective of how their properties are modified in finite structures, especially on the nanometre length scale due to the presence of surfaces and interfaces.

Nanoscale and nanostructured materials have exhibited different physical properties from the corresponding macroscopic coarse-grained materials due to the size confinement. As a result, there is a need for new techniques to probe the mechanical behavior of advanced materials on the small scales. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices presents the latest advances in the techniques of mechanical testing on the micro- and nanoscales, which are necessary for characterizing the mechanical properties of low-dimensional materials and structures. Written by a group of internationally recognized authors, this book covers topics such as: Techniques for micro- and nano- mechanical characterization; Size effects in the indentation plasticity; Characterization of low-dimensional structure including nanobelts and nanotubes; Characterization of smart materials, including piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys; Analysis and modeling of the deformation of carbon-nanotubes. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices is a valuable resource for engineers and researchers working in the area of mechanical characterization of advanced materials.

Nanoscale and nanostructured materials have exhibited different physical properties from the corresponding macroscopic coarse-grained materials due to the size confinement. As a result, there is a need for new techniques to probe the mechanical behavior of advanced materials on the small scales. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices presents the latest advances in the techniques of mechanical testing on the micro- and nanoscales, which are necessary for characterizing the mechanical properties of low-dimensional materials and structures. Written by a group of internationally recognized authors, this book covers topics such as: Techniques for micro- and nano- mechanical characterization; Size effects in the indentation plasticity; Characterization of low-dimensional structure including nanobelts and nanotubes; Characterization of smart materials, including piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys; Analysis and modeling of the deformation of carbon-nanotubes. Micro and Nano Mechanical Testing of Materials and Devices is a valuable resource for engineers and researchers working in the area of mechanical characterization of advanced materials.

This comprehensive tutorial guide to silicon nanomaterials spans from fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of nanosilicon to electronic device, energy conversion and storage, biomedical, and environmental applications. It also presents core knowledge with basic mathematical equations, tables, and graphs in order to provide the reader with the tools necessary to understand the latest technology developments. From low-dimensional structures, quantum dots, and nanowires to hybrid materials, arrays, networks, and biomedical applications, this Sourcebook is a complete resource for anyone working with this materials: Covers fundamental concepts, properties, methods, and practical applications. Focuses on one important type of silicon nanomaterial in every chapter. Discusses formation, properties, and applications for each material. Written in a tutorial style with basic equations and fundamentals included in an extended introduction. Highlights materials that show exceptional properties as well as strong prospects for future applications. Klaus D. Sattler is professor physics at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, having earned his PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. He was honored with the Walter Schottky Prize from the German Physical Society, and is the editor of the sister work also published by Taylor & Francis, Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, as well as the acclaimed multi-volume Handbook of Nanophysics.

With physical properties that often may not be described by the transposition of physical laws from 3D space across to 2D or even 1D space, low-dimensional solids exhibit a high degree of anisotropy in the spatial distribution of their chemical bonds. This means that they can demonstrate new phenomena such as charge-density waves and can display nanoparticulate (0D), fibrous (1D) and lamellar (2D) morphologies. This text presents some of the most recent research into the synthesis and properties of these solids and covers: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Inorganic Nanotubes and Nanowires Biomedical Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures Superconducting Borides Introducing topics such as novel layered superconductors, inorganic-DNA delivery systems and the chemistry and physics of inorganic nanotubes and nanosheets, this book discusses some of the most exciting concepts in this developing field. Additional volumes in the Inorganic Materials Book Series: Molecular Materials Functional Oxides Porous Materials Energy Materials All volumes are sold individually or as comprehensive 5 Volume Set.