Making An Impact On Policing And Crime

Making an Impact on Policing and Crime: Psychological Research, Policy and Practice applies a range of case studies and examples of psychological research by international, leading researchers to tackle real-world issues within the field of crime and policing. Making an Impact on Policing and Crime documents the application of cutting-edge research to real-world policing and explains how psychologists’ insights have been adapted and developed to offer effective solutions across the criminal justice system. The experts featured in this collection cover a range of psychological topics surrounding the field, including the prevention and reduction of sexual offending and reoffending, the use of CCTV and ‘super-recognisers’, forensic questioning of vulnerable witnesses, the accuracy of nonverbal and verbal lie detection interview techniques, psychological ‘drivers’ of political violence, theoretical models of police–community relations, and the social and political significance of urban ‘riots’. This collection is a vital resource for practitioners in policing fields and the court system and professionals working with offenders, as well as students and researchers in related disciplines.

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.

The massive uprising following the police killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020--by some estimates the largest protests in US history--thrust the argument to defund the police to the forefront of international politics. It also made The End of Policing a bestseller and Alex Vitale, its author, a leading figure in the urgent public discussion over police and racial justice. As the writer Rachel Kushner put it in an article called "Things I Can't Live Without", this book explains that "unfortunately, no increased diversity on police forces, nor body cameras, nor better training, has made any seeming difference" in reducing police killings and abuse. "We need to restructure our society and put resources into communities themselves, an argument Alex Vitale makes very persuasively." The problem, Vitale demonstrates, is policing itself-the dramatic expansion of the police role over the last forty years. Drawing on first-hand research from across the globe, The End of Policing describes how the implementation of alternatives to policing, like drug legalization, regulation, and harm reduction instead of the policing of drugs, has led to reductions in crime, spending, and injustice. This edition includes a new introduction that takes stock of the renewed movement to challenge police impunity and shows how we move forward, evaluating protest, policy, and the political situation.

Dennis P. Rosenbaum, one of the most important researchers in police and crime prevention matters, has published this collection of original articles outlining the state of evaluative research on American community policing projects for the past decade. All the big names in the field have been included. Among them are John Eck, Mary Ann Wycoff, Wesley Skogan, Robert Trojanowicz, David Bayley, and Mark Moore. . . . This book is unique. If the reader is interested in the contemporary North American point of view on police matters, but has time to read only one book on the subject, we would recommend this book. --André Normandeau in Canadian Journal of Criminology (translated from French) "This is a helpful framework and provides the reader with a focus that is often lacking in edited collections of papers. The Challenge of Community Policing is clear, well structured, and well referenced and provides the reader with a good understanding of the current situation regarding community policing." --Elizabeth Gilchrist in Urban Studies "This book provides an interesting insight into the ways in which progressive police managers are seeking to come to terms with changed times." --Karim Murji in LCCJ Newsletter "Community policing has become the new orthodoxy for police in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. Although the movement′s philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, the problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. Providing a clear picture of national and international trends in progressive police administration. The Challenge of Community Policing explores the cutting edge of this movement with some of the best empirical studies to date. In this volume Dennis Rosenbaum has gathered together the expertise of widely recognized researchers to address the fundamental question of whether community policing is on the road to fulfilling its many promises. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors present a thorough evaluation of the social and organizational processes involved in planning and implementing community policing, as well as the effects of such programs." --L′Officier de Police Community policing has become the new orthodoxy for police in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. While the movement′s philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. Providing a clear picture of national and international trends in progressive police administration, The Challenge of Community Policing explores the cutting edge of this movement with some of the best empirical studies to date. In this carefully edited volume, Dennis Rosenbaum has gathered together the expertise of widely-recognized researchers to address the fundamental question of whether community policing is on the road to fulfilling its many promises. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors present a thorough evaluation of the social and organizational processes involved in planning and implementing community policing, as well as the effects of such programs and policies on police personnel, police organizations, citizens, and neighborhood environments. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers will find that The Challenge of Community Policing skillfully bridges the gap between the theory and everyday practice of community police reform. "In this exceedingly informative collection, Rosenbaum has assembled cogent essays from some of the most respected criminal justice researchers. Contributors examine the experiences of many agencies in the U.S., Canada, and Britain that have adopted the community policing philosophy, candidly describe successes and failures, and provide an assessment of the future. . . . The volume separates fact from fiction and should shorten the learning curve of any law enforcement administrator who seeks to implement this alternative method of policing. Highly recommended for upper-division undergraduates and graduate students. A ′must read′ for law enforcement practitioners and criminal justice faculty." --S. L. Gottlieb in Choice "In The Challenge of Community Policing, Dennis P. Rosenbaum has made an important and timely contribution to policing in America. Important because he has assembled the work of a group of the nation′s most thoughtful and respected researchers on policing that provides a current assessment of the field′s progress toward reframing the way America′s cities are policed. Timely because it comes on the threshold of the greatest infusion of federal dollars into local policing in the history of our nation. The greatest portion of those dollars are dedicated to putting officers on the street to engage in community policing. The Challenge offers considerable insight into the experience of police agencies in America, Canada, and England that have had the courage to move into uncharted waters with the hope of having greater impact on crime, violence, and fear. The complexity of the issues are acknowledged while appropriate cautions and important questions are raised. This book will become a useful tool for researchers and practitioners as more police agencies make serious attempts to work with members of their community in a partnership to solve problems." --Chief Darrel W. Stephens, St. Petersburg, Florida "I recently had the opportunity to review The Challenge of Community Policing by Dennis P. Rosenbaum and found the book to be an excellent resource for both the academic and practitioner. The information is current, presented in a well-balanced manner, and relies on respected scholars who understand the concept of community policing. Given the importance of this movement in police practices, not to mention the central role community policing has in the current federal crime control initiative, The Challenge of Community Policing provides a thorough view of the philosophy and issues. Dr. Rosenbaum′s work is an important contribution to the literature." --David L. Carter, Professor and Director National Center for Community Policing

Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.

"An extremely valuable source of reading, information, and guidance for my policing students. It covers all the topical issues." Johannes Oosthuizen – Lecturer at Winchester University Introducing the definitive guide for students and professionals alike who want to gain a comprehensive understanding of policing in the 21st century. This updated edition of Introduction to Policing reflects the latest developments in policing and offers a rigorous yet accessible overview of the historical origins and theories of policing, the functions of police organisations, and the challenges and controversies facing policing today. With an emphasis on critical thinking and analysis, Rowe encourages readers to consider different perspectives and to engage with key debates around policing, such as ‘who guards the guards’ and ‘the implications of police culture’, helping them to develop a more nuanced understanding of this complex field. The clear writing style, engaging case studies, and helpful study aids make this book an invaluable resource for students and professionals alike. Key features include: • Revised and expanded discussion of racism and police culture, and new coverage of the development of antiracist policing • Updated examples reflecting contemporary criticisms of policing, such as the cases of Sarah Everard and George Floyd • Expanded discussion of key debates, including the ‘defund the police’ movement, and the use of technology and digital policing, including Smart Policing, drones, and body-worn cameras • Learning objectives, key terms, review questions, and annotated further readings in every chapter will help you to engage with the material and consolidate your learning Michael Rowe is Professor of Criminology at Northumbria University Liam Ralph is Assistant Professor of Criminology at Northumbria University Ali Malik is Lecturer in Criminal Justice at University of Leeds

According to Dr Braga's comprehensive overview of worldwide research, problem-oriented policing (POP) has been proven effective in a wide range of programs to prevent crime. The author also explains why POP programs have obtained such positive results.This is the only book recommended by the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing for all modules of its Model POP Curriculum, including courses for undergraduates and graduate students, and training programs for pre-service and in-service police personnel. The second edition has been greatly expanded to include many more analyses of key concepts, results from real-world applications, and recommendations for improved POP programming.

Does a more academic type of police education produce new police officers that are reluctant to patrol the streets? What is the impact of gender diversity and political orientation on a police students’ career aspirations and attitudes to policing? These are some of the questions addressed by this longitudinal project, following police students in seven European countries. The unique data material makes it possible to explore a wide range of topics relevant to the future development of policing, police education and police science more generally. Part I presents an overview of the different goals and models of police education in the seven participating countries. Part II describes what type of student is attracted to police education, taking into consideration educational background, political orientation and career aspirations. Part III shows the social impact of police education by examining students’ orientations towards emerging competence areas; students’ career aspirations; and students’ attitudes concerning trust, cynicism and legalism. The overall results show that police students are strikingly similar across different types of police education. Students in academic institutions are at least as interested in street patrolling as students in vocational training institutions. Gender and recruitment policies matters more in relation to career preferences than education models. The national context plays a more important role than the type of police education system. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars in policing, criminology, sociology, social theory and cultural studies and those interested in how police education shapes its graduates.