Marine Enzymes For Biocatalysis

Marine bioprospecting is a highly topical subject - in both applied and basic research - but, as yet, the marine ecosystem is a relatively unexplored source of natural bioactive substances with potential therapeutic activity. This book addresses the use of marine enzymes in biocatalysis through a series of chapters from leading scientists within academic and industrial fields. Biocatalytic processes can take advantage of the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes, such as salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold adaptivity, and so on, whilst also taking into consideration substrate specificity and affinity. These evolved properties are linked to the metabolic functions of the enzymes and to the ecological aspects of the natural source. New properties can also be discovered at the molecular level of catalysis, particularly concerning the stereochemical characteristics of products.Marine enzymes for biocatalysis initially examines the nature and level of interest in marine biological diversity, and outlines the fundamentals of biocatalysis. It goes on to detail sources of marine enzymes, and to analyse examples from both chemical and stereochemical viewpoints of catalysis, including microbial enzymes and animal or plant sources. The book goes on to explore the future potential of marine bioprospecting in biocatalysis. Compiles studies from leading scientists in a direct and accessible format. Includes practical descriptions of results, adding further details not often covered in formal articles Takes a molecular view which fully explains the enzymatic aspects of reactions, particularly regarding biocatalytic characteristics and descriptions of bioprocesses Selects examples of chemical and stereochemical aspects of enzymatic action with respect to known terrestrial counterparts

This book presents contributions from scientists who are directly involved in the potential of marine enzymes as useful tools in biocatalysis; the results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environments are acknowledged, including two review articles on general enzymatic processes and microalgal enzymes. In addition, studies on structural characterizations, biological functions and aspects related to the complexity of marine enzyme-based bioprocesses are discussed. Prominent conclusions by many scientists in the field of marine biotechnology emphasize that, due to marine biological diversity and the specificity of biological marine metabolisms, the study of biocatalysts on a global scale from this environment is just starting, and possesses huge potential for the development of applications with industrial benefits.

Certain enzymes that are secreted by microbes such as fungi and bacteria present in the marine environment are called marine enzymes. These microbes secrete different enzymes based on their ecological functions and habitat. Marine microorganisms and their enzymes can function in environments with high pressure and light, high salt concentrations, and in a wide variety of temperatures. Marine enzymes are a significant source of biocatalysis. Fermentation process can be used to produce and extract marine enzymes from animals, microorganisms, and plants. Enzymes generated by marine microorganisms are used in a variety of sectors, including textiles, chemical, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, agriculture, and food processing. Marine enzymes exhibit a wide range of pharmacological uses, and can be used as pesticides, mycotoxins, pigments, antiparasitics, antibiotics, herbicides, antitumor agents, toxins, and growth promoters for both plants and animals. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends with respect to the sources, biocatalytic characteristics, and bioprocesses of marine enzymes. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this area of study.

Marine Enzymes Biotechnology: Production and Industrial Applications, Part II - Marine Organisms Producing Enzymes provides a huge treasure trove of information on marine organisms. Nowadays, marine organisms are good candidates for enzymes production and have been recognized as a rich source of biological molecules that are of potential interest to various industries. Marine enzymes such as amylases, carboxymethylcellulases, proteases, chitinases, keratinases, xylanases, agarases, lipases, peroxidase and tyrosinases are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages, and confectioneries, as well as in textile and leather processing, and in waste water treatment. The majority of the enzymes used in the industry are of microbial origin because microbial enzymes are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. Focuses on the isolation, characterization, and industrial application of marine enzymes Provides current trends and development of industrial important marine enzymes, including amylases, carboxymethylcellulases, proteases, chitinases, keratinases, xylanases, agarases, lipases, peroxidase, and tyrosinases Presents insights into current trends and approaches for marine enzymes

This book gives an introduction to biotransformations, the practice of harnessing biological catalysts for the preparation of useful chemicals.

Marine Enzymes Biotechnology: Production and Industrial Applications, Part I, Production of Enzymes provides a huge treasure trove of information on marine organisms. Nowadays, marine organisms are good candidates for enzymes production and have been recognized as a rich source of biological molecules that are of potential interest to various industries. Marine enzymes such as amylases, carboxymethylcellulases, proteases, chitinases, keratinases, xylanases, agarases, lipases, peroxidase and tyrosinases are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, foods, beverages, and confectioneries, as well as in textile and leather processing, and in waste water treatment. The majority of the enzymes used in the industry are of microbial origin because microbial enzymes are relatively more stable than the corresponding enzymes derived from plants and animals. Focuses on the isolation, characterization, and industrial application of marine enzymes Provides current trends and development of industrial important marine enzymes, including amylases, carboxymethylcellulases, proteases, chitinases, keratinases, xylanases, agarases, lipases, peroxidase, and tyrosinases Presents insights into current trends and approaches for marine enzymes

Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes: Production, Biocatalysis and Industrial Applications provides a complete survey of the latest innovations on microbial enzymes, highlighting biotechnological advances in their production and purification along with information on successful applications as biocatalysts in several chemical and industrial processes under mild and green conditions. Applications of microbial enzymes in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries are given particular emphasis. The application of recombinant DNA technology within industrial fermentation and the production of enzymes over the last 20 years have produced a host of useful chemical and biochemical substances. The power of these technologies results in novel transformations, better enzymes, a wide variety of applications, and the unprecedented development of biocatalysts through the ongoing integration of molecular biology methodology, all of which is covered insightfully and in-depth within the book. Features research on microbial enzymes from basic science through application in multiple industry sectors for a comprehensive approach Includes information on metabolic pathway engineering, metagenomic screening, microbial genomes, extremophiles, rational design, directed evolution, and more Provides a holistic approach to the research of microbial enzymes

Implementing biocatalytic strategies in an industrial setting is a challenging task, especially when commercial scale necessitates a balance between industrial need and economic viability. With invited contributions from a wide range of chemical and pharmaceutical companies, this book bridges the gap between academia and industry. Contributors discuss current processes, types of biocatalysts and improvements, industrial motivation and the key aspects needed for economic success. Focussing on industry related issues, this book will be a useful tool for future research by both practitioners and academics.