Mechanics Of Functionally Graded Material Structures

Mechanics of Functionally Graded Material Structures is an authoritative and fresh look at various functionally graded materials, customizing them with various structures. The book is devoted to tailoring material properties to the needed structural performance. The authors pair materials with the appropriate structures based upon their purpose and use.Material grading of structures depending upon thickness, axial and polar directions are discussed. Three dimensional analysis of rectangular plates made of functional graded materials and vibrational tailoring of inhomogeneous beams and circular plates are both covered in great detail. The authors derive novel closed form solutions that can serve as benchmarks that numerical solutions can be compared to. These are published for the first time in the literature. This is a unique book that gives the first exposition of the effects of various grading mechanisms on the structural behavior as well as taking into account vibrations and buckling.

The Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) concept originated in Japan in 1984 during the spaceplane project, in the form of a proposed thermal barrier material capable of withstanding a surface temperature of 2000 K and a temperature gradient of 1000 K across a cross section 10 mm. The materials can be designed for specific function and applications. FGMs offer great promise in applications where the operating conditions are extreme. For example, wear-resistant linings for handling large, heavy, abrasive ore particles; rocket heat shields; heat exchanger tubes; thermoelectric generators; heat-engine components; plasma facings for fusion reactors; and electrically insulating metal/ceramic joints. They are also ideal for minimizing thermomechanical mismatch in metal-ceramic bonding. This book is a result of contributions of experts from the international scientific community working in different aspects of functionally graded materials and structures and reports on the latest research and development findings on this topic through original and innovative research studies. Through its six chapters, the reader will have access to works related to processing, characteristics, modeling, and applications of functionally graded materials and structures.The book contains up-to-date publications from leading experts and the edition is intended to provide valuable recent information to the professionals involved in functionally graded materials and structure analysis and applications. The text is addressed not only to researchers, but also to professional engineers, students, and other experts in a variety of disciplines, both academic and industrial, seeking to gain a better understanding of what has been done in the field recently, and what open problems are in this area.

This book reviews research results in the field of mechanics research. Also discussed herein are the most important areas in the mechanics of functionally graded materials and structures, including the analytical and the semi-analytical solutions of functionally graded beams, plates and shells as well as their simplified theories, fracture analysis of functionally graded materials, a micro-element method for the macro-micro scale analysis and the optimal design of functionally graded structures.

Mechanics of Functionally Graded Material Structures is an authoritative and fresh look at various functionally graded materials, customizing them with various structures. The book is devoted to tailoring material properties to the needed structural performance. The authors pair materials with the appropriate structures based upon their purpose and use. Material grading of structures depending upon thickness, axial and polar directions are discussed. Three dimensional analysis of rectangular plates made of functional graded materials and vibrational tailoring of inhomogeneous beams and circular plates are both covered in great detail. The authors derive novel closed form solutions that can serve as benchmarks that numerical solutions can be compared to. These are published for the first time in the literature. This is a unique book that gives the first exposition of the effects of various grading mechanisms on the structural behavior as well as taking into account vibrations and buckling. Contents:Three-Dimensional Analysis of Rectangular Plates Made of Functionally Graded Materials:Elastic PlatesIntroduction to Functionally Graded MaterialsDynamic Analysis of Plates Made of Functionally Graded MaterialsStatic Analysis of Plates Made of Functionally Graded MaterialsVibration Tailoring of Inhomogenous Beams and Circular Plates:Beams Made of Functionally Graded MaterialVibration Tailoring of Inhomogeneous Elastically Restrained Vibrating BeamsSome Intriguing Results Pertaining to Functionally Graded ColumnsDesign of Heterogeneous Polar–Orthotropic Clamped Circular Plates with Specified Fundamental Natural FrequencyVibration Tailoring of Simply-Supported Polar Orthotropic Inhomogeneous Circular PlatesVibration Tailoring of Clamped–Clamped Polar Orthotropic Inhomogeneous Circular PlatesVibration Tailoring of a Polar Orthotropic Circular Plate with Translational SpringConclusionAppendices:A Novel Formulation Leading to Closed-Form Solutions for Buckling of Circular PlatesInverse Vibration Problem for Inhomogeneous Circular Plate with Translational SpringApparently First Closed-Form Solutions for Non-Symmetric Vibrations of Inhomogeneous Circular PlatesClosed-Form Solution for Axisymmetric Vibration of Inhomogeneous Simply-Supported Circular Plates Readership: Graduate students, academics, professional and researchers interested in the effects of various grading mechanisms on structural behavior as well as vibration and buckling.Key Features:This book deals with material grading of structures in (a) thickness, (b) axial and (c) polar directionsIt derives novel closed-form solutions that can serve as benchmarks with which numerical solutions can be compared withIt contains extensive bibliography in this fascinating topicKeywords:Materials;Structures;Vibrations;Three-Dimensional Analysis

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures. Functionally graded materials (FGMs), in which the volume fractions of two or more constituent materials are designed to vary continuously as a function of position along certain direction(s), have been developed and studied over the past three decades. The major advantage of FGMs is that no distinct internal boundaries exist, and failures from interfacial stress concentrations developed in conventional components can be avoided. The gradual change of material properties can be tailored to different applications and working environments. As these materials’ range of application expands, new methodologies have to be developed to characterize them, and to design and analyze structural components made of them. Despite a number of existing papers on the analysis of functionally graded materials and structures, there is no single book that is devoted entirely to the analysis of functionally graded beams, plates and shells using different methods, e.g.,analytical or semi-analytical methods. Filling this gap in the literature, the book offers a valuable reference resource for senior undergraduates, graduate students, researchers, and engineers in this field. The results presented here can be used as a benchmark for checking the validity and accuracy of other numerical solutions. They can also be used directly in the design of functionally graded materials and structures.

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) were initially designed as thermal barrier materials for aerospace structures and fusion reactors and now they are also considered as potential structural materials for future high-speed spacecraft and recently are being increasingly considered in various applications to maximize strengths and integrities of many engineering structures. This book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different aspects of FGMs and structures and reports on the state of the art research and development findings on this topic through original and innovative research studies. Through its six chapters the reader will have access to works related to processing, sintering properties and applications of functionally graded ceramics and new processing routes for FGMs while it introduces some specific applications, such as functionally graded annular fins and the high-performance self-lubricating ceramic composites with laminated graded structure. Besides, it presents an experimental crack propagation analysis of aluminum matrix FGMs and a unified accurate solution for three-dimensional vibration analysis of functionally graded plates and cylindrical shells with general boundary conditions.

The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in functionally graded materials (FGMs), which are advanced engineering materials designed for a specific performance or function with spatial gradation in structure and/or composition. The contributions mainly focus on numerical simulations of mechanical properties and the behavior of FGMs and FGM structures. Several advancements in numerical simulations that are particularly useful for investigations on FGMs have been proposed and demonstrated in this Special Issue. Such proposed approaches provide incisive methods to explore and predict the mechanical and structural characteristics of FGMs subjected to thermoelectromechanical loadings under various boundary and environmental conditions. The contributions have resulted in enhanced activity regarding the prediction of FGM properties and global structural responses, which are of great importance when considering the potential applications of FGM structures. Furthermore, the presented scientific scope is, in some way, an answer to the continuous demand for FGM structures, and opens new perspectives for their practical use.

This book presents the concept of functionally graded materials as well as their use and different fabrication processes. The authors describe the use of additive manufacturing technology for the production of very complex parts directly from the three dimension computer aided design of the part by adding material layer after layer. A case study is also presented in the book on the experimental analysis of functionally graded material using laser metal deposition process.