Mechanics Of Solids With Phase Changes

The book is mainly devoted to the thermomechanical behavior of materials during solid-solid phase transformations. The physical mechanisms including diffusion, martensitic transformation and plasticity are described from material science point of view. The global behaviour is deduced from methods of classical as well as irreversible thermodynamics and continuum and micro mechanics. Mainly metals, both non ferrous and ferrous alloys but also geological problems are dealt with. Special attention is given to transformation induced plasticity and shape memory alloys. Three chapters are concerned with practical applications (heat treatment, smart structures, residual stresses).

Predictive theories of phenomena involving phase change with applications in engineering are investigated in this volume, e.g. solid-liquid phase change, volume and surface damage, and phase change involving temperature discontinuities. Many other phase change phenomena such as solid-solid phase change in shape memory alloys and vapor-liquid phase change are also explored. Modeling is based on continuum thermo-mechanics. This involves a renewed principle of virtual power introducing the power of the microscopic motions responsible for phase change. This improvement yields a new equation of motion related to microscopic motions, beyond the classical equation of motion for macroscopic motions. The new theory sensibly improves the phase change modeling. For example, when warm rain falls on frozen soil, the dangerous black ice phenomenon can be comprehensively predicted. In addition, novel equations predict the evolution of clouds, which are themselves a mixture of air, liquid water and vapor.

Solid mechanics is the branch of continuum mechanics that studies the behaviour of solid materials, especially their deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes and other external and internal agents.Solid mechanics is fundamental for civil engineering, mechanical engineering and aerospace engineering. Solid mechanics extensively uses tensors to describe stresses, strains and relation between them.Solid mechanics examines the shear stress, bending stress, deformation and the failure of solid materials and structures.Solid mechanics is a vast subject because of the wide range of solid materials available and their multiple applicationsThe study of solid mechanics includes various methods to calculate the stresses and strains in structural members such as beams, columns and shafts.Solid mechanics is also known as Mechanics of solids or Mechanics of structures or Strength of materials.Our hope is that this book, through its careful explanations of concepts, practical examples and figures bridges the gap between knowledge and proper application of that knowledge.

Based on practical problems in mechanical engineering, here the author develops the fundamental concepts of non-smooth mechanics and introduces the necessary background material needed to deal with mechanics involving discontinuities and non-smooth constraints.

Papers from a November 1999 meeting examine heat treating and associated industries, touching on aspects of control of microstructure through heat treatment, equipment and processes, forge heating with induction, quenching and distortion, and steel heat treating in the new millennium. Subjects inclu

Thermomechanics of Solids and Structures: Physical Mechanisms, Continuum Mechanics, and Applications covers kinematics, balance equations, the strict thermodynamic frameworks of thermoelasticity, thermoplasticity, creep covering constitutive equations, the physical mechanisms of deformation, along with computational aspects. The book concludes with coverage of the thermodynamics of solids and applications of the constitutive three-dimensional model to both one-dimensional homogeneous and composite beam structures. Practical applications of the theories and techniques covered are emphasized throughout the book, with analytical solutions provided for various problems. Provides foundational knowledge on continuum mechanics, covering kinematics, balance equations, isothermal elasticity and plasticity, variational principles, and more Presents applications of constitutive 3D models to homogeneous and composite beams, including equations for stress and displacement estimation in thermoelastic beam problems Reviews experimental results of thermoelastic material behavior, along with case studies to support reviews Covers the inelastic behavior of materials at elevated temperatures, with experimental results for both monotonic and cyclic tensile tests presented Looks at the physical mechanisms, experimental results, and constitutive modeling of creep

Although several books and conference proceedings have already appeared dealing with either the mathematical aspects or applications of homogenization theory, there seems to be no comprehensive volume dealing with both aspects. The present volume is meant to fill this gap, at least partially, and deals with recent developments in nonlinear homogenization emphasizing applications of current interest. It contains thirteen key lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Workshop on Nonlinear Homogenization and Its Applications to Composites, Polycrystals and Smart Materials. The list of thirty one contributed papers is also appended. The key lectures cover both fundamental, mathematical aspects of homogenization, including nonconvex and stochastic problems, as well as several applications in micromechanics, thin films, smart materials, and structural and topology optimization. One lecture deals with a topic important for nanomaterials: the passage from discrete to continuum problems by using nonlinear homogenization methods. Some papers reveal the role of parameterized or Young measures in description of microstructures and in optimal design. Other papers deal with recently developed methods – both analytical and computational – for estimating the effective behavior and field fluctuations in composites and polycrystals with nonlinear constitutive behavior. All in all, the volume offers a cross-section of current activity in nonlinear homogenization including a broad range of physical and engineering applications. The careful reader will be able to identify challenging open problems in this still evolving field. For instance, there is the need to improve bounding techniques for nonconvex problems, as well as for solving geometrically nonlinear optimum shape-design problems, using relaxation and homogenization methods.