Methodology For Assessing The Role Of Mangroves In Trace Metal Loid Filtration To Develop A Mechanism Of Payments For Environmental Services For Mangroves In Vietnam

This document aims to provide an understanding of the scientific methodology that can be employed to demonstrate, monitor and assess mangrove-relevant environmental services by using case studies of mangroves in Hai Phong City and the Can Gio district of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. In addition to previous work, this methodology evaluates the water purification services of mangroves in the context of existing policies on payment for forest environmental services in Vietnam, and discusses lessons learned, and funding requirements for effective assessment, evaluation and monitoring of the service. The findings contribute to identifying users and buyers of mangrove environmental services and developing implementation and monitoring mechanisms for payment for forest environmental services (PFES) through the application of environmental indices. The document is made in the hope that future studies can apply its methodology in other regions of the country to develop a database for evaluating the roles of mangroves throughout Vietnam.

This book outlines the performance and management of mangroves in the changing climatic scenario of the Asia-Pacific region and draws examples and lessons from the national and community-driven mangrove conservation programs of relevant countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Japan as well as the Pacific islands. By highlighting the major drawbacks that hinder effective mangrove conservation, the book contributes towards enhancing climate resilience of communities through proposition of corrective methods and ameliorative approaches of mangrove conservation. Mangroves play an important role in adapting to climate change and provide a plethora of ecosystem services that are fundamental to human survival. Yet these ecosystems are exceptionally prone to extinction due to increased human interventions and changes in environmental boundary conditions. Especially in the Asia-Pacific region, mangroves have dwindled at an exceptional high rate over the past three decades. As the threat of climate change hovers over millions of people in this region, particularly those who crowd the low-lying coastal areas, conservation/restoration of mangroves through appropriate policies and practices remain highly imperative. The primary target readers for this book are students and researchers in the fields of conservation and management of mangroves, especially from the developing tropical countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Other target groups comprise policy planners, practitioners, and NGO workers, who will be able to apply the collective knowledge from this work towards proactive mangrove conservation through effective mediation in local communities.

Urban populations are projected to increase from 54% to 66% of the global population by 2050, with close to 90% of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa. Cities and towns---a growing source of greenhouse gas emissions---will need to address challenges posed by climate change. A nature-based approach in identifying climate change vulnerabilities and developing relevant adaptation options was conducted in three towns of the Greater Mekong Subregion. Working with local governments, nongovernment organizations, women's groups, and professional associations, town-wide adaptation measures were defined by overlaying climate change projections on town plans and zoning schemes for strategic infrastructure. This publication captures valuable experience and lessons from the project.

Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) is one of the most holistic approaches to protecting marine and coastal ecosystems as it recognizes the need to protect entire marine ecosystems instead of individual species. After decades of pollution, habitat degradation and overfishing, now climate change and ocean acidification threaten the health of the ocean in unprecedented way. Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems illustrates the current status, trends, and effects of climate, natural disturbances and anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems. It demonstrates how to integrate different management tools and models in an up-to-date, multidisciplinary approach to environmental management. This indispensable guide provides several case studies from around the world and creates a framework for identifying management tools and their applications in coral reefs, fisheries, migratory species, marine islands and associated ecosystems such as mangroves and sea grass beds. It discusses the physical and chemical compositions of marine ecosystems along with the threats and actions needed to protect them. The application of model framework to several contemporary management issues include the modelling of harmful algal bloom dynamics, understanding the dispersal of sea lice, and the possible impacts on intertidal communities of the provision of novel offshore habitat. The results of extensive research by an international team of contributors, the Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems is designed to inform scientists, practitioners, academics, government and non-government policymakers on the particularities of marine ecosystems and assist them in understanding the EBM approaches in means of mitigation and adaptation of human activities that result in sustainability. These practices will help change the current methodologies used for resource assessment and the future regulations of marine resources.