Micro Mechanical Systems

In ten sections this book describes the principles and technology of Micro Mechanical Systems. Section one is a general introduction to the historical background and the parallels to microelectronics, reviewing the motivation for microsystems, and discussing microphysics and design and the evolution from microcomponents to microsystems. Section two covers the areas of photolithographic microfabrication, basic concepts of planar processing, materials, and processes. Section three looks at micromachining by machine tools, its history, basic principles and preparation methods. Section four discusses tribological aspects of microsystems. Section five covers fabrication, performance and examples of silicon microsensors. Section six looks at electric and magnetic micro-actuators for micro-robots. Section seven covers energy source and power supply methods. Section eight covers controlling principles and methods of micro mechanical systems and section nine gives examples of microsystems and micromachines. The final section discusses the future problems and outlook of micro mechanical systems.

It is challenging at best to find a resource that provides the breadth of information necessary to develop a successful micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) design. Micro Electro Mechanical System Design is that resource. It is a comprehensive, single-source guide that explains the design process by illustrating the full range of issues involved,

Bringing you up-to-date with the latest developments in MEMS technology, this major revision of the best-selling An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering offers you a current understanding of this cutting-edge technology. You gain practical knowledge of MEMS materials, design, and manufacturing, and learn how it is being applied in industrial, optical, medical and electronic markets. The second edition features brand new sections on RF MEMS, photo MEMS, micromachining on materials other than silicon, reliability analysis, plus an expanded reference list. With an emphasis on commercialized products, this unique resource helps you determine whether your application can benefit from a MEMS solution, understand how other applications and companies have benefited from MEMS, and select and define a manufacturable MEMS process for your application. You discover how to use MEMS technology to enable new functionality, improve performance, and reduce size and cost. The book teaches you the capabilities and limitations of MEMS devices and processes, and helps you communicate the relative merits of MEMS to your company's management. From critical discussions on design operation and process fabrication of devices and systems, to a thorough explanation of MEMS packaging, this easy-to-understand book clearly explains the basics of MEMS engineering, making it an invaluable reference for your work in the field.

This book introduces the exciting and fast-moving field of MOEMS to graduate students, scientists, and engineers by providing a foundation of both micro-optics and MEMS that will enable them to conduct future research in the field. Born from the relatively new fields of MEMS and micro-optics, MOEMS are proving to be an attractive and low-cost solution to a range of device problems requiring high optical functionality and high optical performance. MOEMS solutions include optical devices for telecommunication, sensing, and mobile systems such as v-grooves, gratings, shutters, scanners, filters, micromirrors, switches, alignment aids, lens arrays, and hermetic wafer-scale optical packaging. An international team of leading researchers contributed to this book, and it presents examples and problems employing cutting-edge MOEM devices. It will inspire researchers to further advance the design, fabrication, and analysis of MOEM systems.

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is a technology that combines computers with tiny mechanical devices such as sensors, valves, gears, mirrors, and actuators embedded in semiconductor chips. Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, or MEMS, is a technology that in its most general form can be defined as miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanical elements (i.e., devices and structures) that are made using the techniques of microfabrication. The critical physical dimensions of MEMS devices can vary from well below one micron on the lower end of the dimensional spectrum, all the way to several millimeters. Likewise, the types of MEMS devices can vary from relatively simple structures having no moving elements, to extremely complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of integrated microelectronics. The one main criterion of MEMS is that there are at least some elements having some sort of mechanical functionality whether or not these elements can move. MEMS are already used as accelerometers in automobile air-bags. They have replaced a less reliable device at lower cost and show promise of being able to inflate a bag not only on the basis of sensed deceleration but also on the basis of the size of the person they are protecting. Basically, a MEMS device contains micro-circuitry on a tiny silicon chip into which some mechanical device such as a mirror or a sensor has been manufactured. Potentially, such chips can be built in large quantities at low cost, making them costeffective for many uses.

So-called top-down technologies have enabled us to manufacture and fabricate structures even smaller than the micrometer scale. MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technologies were developed by applying semiconductor microfabrication technologies to make three-dimensional microstructures and mechanical systems in the late 1980s. MEMS technologies offer the advantages of batch fabrication of numbers of devices as well as an ability to integrate multiple functional units in a small area, which is important for developing smart and sophisticated devices. By using top-down technology such as MEMS, material costs and the amount of waste can be reduced, thus having a potential to meet the requirements to improve global health. This book also examines a 4-step process for analysing medication adherence data generated by MEMS and similar electronic monitoring devises. Example analyses are presented to demonstrate these methods using MEMS data HIV-positive subjects' adherence to antiretroviral medications. Other chapters in this book examine power MEMS, defined as microsystems for power generation and energy conversion, including propulsion and cooling, novel optical MEMS device that can fully characterise the transparent living cells or microparticles in real time, an adaptive sliding mode controller for a MEMS vibratory z-axis gyroscope, and the use of nanofretting in nano/microelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS).

As miniaturization, batch fabrication, and integrated electronics rapidly enable the development of a broad range of smart products, MEMs, MOEMS, and NEMS are creating enormous opportunities for commerce and functionality. This significant and uniquely comprehensive five-volume reference is a valuable source for research workers, practitioners, computer scientists, students, and technologists. The MEMS/NEMS HANDBOOK (Microelectromechanical Systems/Nanoelectromechanical Systems) covers all of the major topics within the subject including design methods, fabrication techniques, manufacturing methods, sensors and actuators, and Micro Optical Electro Mechanical Systems. The many applications of MEMS technology include computer devices, electronics, instrumentation, industrial process control, biotechnology, medicine, chemical systems, office equipment, and communications. More than 100 coauthors from nearly 20 countries present clearly written, self-contained, accessible and comprehensive contributions with helpful standard features including an introduction, summary, extensive figures and design examples with comprehensive reference lists. The remarkable breadth and depth of the topics spanning this diverse field require the 5-volume extent of this notable reference resource that is based on the work of an internationally recognized board of coauthors.