Montenegro

The newest member of the UN, Montenegro has vastly improved its infrastructure and offers superb eco-, adventure and sports facilities.

This guidebook describes a range of 17 day-walks and multi-day treks throughout the mountains of Montenegro. Routes range from short (2km) walks through to multi-day treks throughout this fascinating region. Some routes are circular and some linear, with variants and extensions described so that you can plan a day walk or longer trip. The guide also includes generous background information, covering mountain huts and shelters, travel to and within the country, history and language, as well as what to expect in the various mountains and National Parks the routes explore. The Dinaric Alps are some of the wildest, most spectacular, and least visited in Europe. But they are easily accessible, and many areas have well-marked trails. They present an opportunity to travel through outstandingly beautiful and remarkably unspoilt natural scenery, which sees few visitors.

In 1908, with world war a dark prophecy on the horizon, an English traveler, Auberon Harwell, enters a far valley in Montenegro -- a spy sent to assess the political situation while posing as a botanist. Drawn into the drama of a young Serb in love with an unattainable woman, Harwell's sense of duty and honor will be severely compromised by his own dangerous desires -- leading him toward a shattering confrontation that will forever change the world he thought he knew.

In May 2006, following a closely and bitterly fought referendum, Montenegro finally regained the status of an independent nation that it had lost in 1918 - the most recent chapter in a highly turbulent history. The tiny Balkan republica??s declaration of independence from Serbia represented - barring the final resolution of Kosovoa??s status - the final stage in the disintegration of what was once Yugoslavia. But how did the Balkans forge this tiny republic? What sets it apart from the other dominant powers in the region? And what will be its future role on the worlda??s stage? 'Montenegro: A Modern History' charts the countrya??s contemporary history in accessible and comprehensive form. Kenneth Morrison explores the forces that have shaped the republic of Montenegro and questions where this will lead in the future, examining the fundamental issues of Montenegrin identity and statehood in a wider European as well as a Balkan context. This full and authoritative modern history is essential reading for everyone interested in the political and social dynamics of one of Europea??s youngest states.

The Montenegrin economy has rebounded strongly from the COVID-19 shock as private consumption grew, tourism recovered, and an influx of relatively affluent Russian and Ukrainian nationals due to Russia’s war in Ukraine has also contributed to growth. While debt-to-GDP ratios have improved largely due to nominal effects, fiscal weaknesses remain. After prolonged political uncertainty, a new coalition government formed in October 2023. Thereafter, a new Central Bank (CBCG) Governor was appointed in December 2023.

This paper focuses on Montenegro’s export sector performance and challenges. Montenegro has run a persistent trade deficit since its independence. Montenegro’s goods exports have decreased, while goods imports have been more or less stable. A comparison reveals a relatively weak recovery of goods exports for Montenegro. Montenegro’s goods exports to the euro area have declined over time despite euroization. Foreign demand explains services exports well, but less so goods exports. Business climate surveys indicate high nonprice barriers in Montenegro’s export sector. The share of high-value-added export goods has been diminishing over time. Services exports also signal narrow productivity gains. Weak productivity growth may hinder the export sector.

Montenegro is a small country in southeastern Europe, bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and the Adriatic Sea. It gained independence in 2006 from Serbia and has a population of about 620,029 people. Its official language is Montenegrin, which is closely related to Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian. Serbia had ruled Montenegro for over 88 years before its independence, but its history can be traced back to the Illyrians, an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the western Balkans. Montenegro has a diverse landscape with mountains, lakes, and beaches, making it a popular tourist destination. Montenegro is a member of the United Nations and NATO’s Partnership for Peace program, but it is not an official member of the European Union. The country’s economy relies on tourism and energy production, with significant investment from foreign companies. The country has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and mild winters. Montenegro is known for its beautiful beaches along the Adriatic coast and its medieval towns, such as Kotor and Budva, which are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is also home to several national parks, including Durmitor and Biogradska Gora, which offer visitors the opportunity to hike, ski, and experience the country's natural beauty.

In Montenegro, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) focused on the republic’s continuing reform efforts. This assessment of Development Results (ADP) reviews the last five years of UNDP’s support to Montenegro, from 2001-2005, within the context of its relationship with Serbia and its current and future development challenges. The assessment is based on an evaluation of current and past programmes and extensive stakeholder consultations. It provides an analysis of the extent to which UNDP has positioned itself effectively to identify and respond to national development needs. It also offers an overall assessment of the development results in the areas of post-conflict transition achieved in cooperation with the Government and other development partners.