Mrna Translational Control As A Mechanism Of Post Transcriptional Gene Regulation

mRNA METABOLISM & POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION Edited by Joe B. Harford and David R. Morris Gene expression is a process that begins with the transcription ofDNA to an RNA messenger (mRNA), which is then translated into aprotein. Historically, attention has been focused on the regulationof RNA synthesis (transcription); however, there is a growingrecognition of and appreciation for the importance of the manyregulatory mechanisms that take place after RNA synthesis has beencompleted. mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation is thefirst comprehensive overview of the various modes of generegulation that exist post-transcriptionally. Collecting studies bysome of the top researchers in the field, this volume provides bothan up-to-date review of the complex "life" of an mRNA molecule andan introduction to current work on the diversity of mechanisms ofpost-transcriptional reactions. Topics covered include: * RNA structure * Mammalian RNA editing * RNA export from the nucleus * The fundamentals of translation initiation * Control of mRNA decay in plants * mRNA metabolism and cancer * Control of mRNA stability during herpes simplex virus infection * Regulation of mRNA expression in HIV-1 and other complexretroviruses * Nucleases * RNA localization A timely contribution to the understanding of genetic regulatorymechanisms, mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional GeneRegulation provides a basis from which potential therapeuticstrategies may be developed. This book will be of vital interest tocell and molecular biologists at all levels, from graduate studentsto senior investigators, clinical researchers, and professionals inthe pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

Many important cellular processes rely on posttranscriptional control of gene expression. This book describes the mechanisms of gene expression at this level that occur in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Several introductory chapters discuss the general principles of translation and mRNA stability. The interactions of mature mRNA with the translational machinery, the components of mRNA degradation and antisense RNA are surveyed. Subsequent chapters discuss protein folding, transport, modification and degradation. The book is an invaluable source of information for both newcomers and those wishing an overview of the field.

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RNA binding proteins are an exciting area of research in gene regulation. A multitude of RNA-protein interactions are used to regulate gene expression including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, cytoplasmic targeting, translation and mRNA turnover. In addition to these post-transcriptional processes, RNA-protein interactions play a key role in transcription as illustrated by the life cycle of retroviruses. Unlike DNA, the structure of RNA is highly variable and conformationally flexible, thus creating a number of unique binding sites and the potential for complex regulation by RNA binding proteins. Although there is a wide range of topics included in this volume, general themes have been repeated, highlighting the overall integrative nature of RNA binding proteins. The chapters have been separated into three different sections: Translational Control; mRNA Metabolism; and Hormonal and Homeostatic Regulation. The chapters of this volume were written with the seasoned investigator and student in mind. Summaries of key concepts are reviewed within each chapter as well as guiding questions that can be used to stimulate class discussions. The Editors of this volume hope that this compendium educates, enthralls, and stimulates the readers to look to the future possibilities in this rapidly evolving field.

A recent volume of this series (Signals and Signal Transduction Pathways in Plants (K. Palme, ed.) Plant Molecular Biology 26, 1237-1679) described the relay races by which signals are transported in plants from the sites of stimuli to the gene expression machinery of the cell. Part of this machinery, the transcription apparatus, has been well studied in the last two decades, and many important mechanisms controlling gene expression at the transcriptional level have been elucidated. However, control of gene expression is by no means complete once the RNA has been produced. Important regulatory devices determine the maturation and usage of mRNA and the fate of its translation product. Post-transcriptional regulation is especially important for generating a fast response to environmental and intracellular signals. This book summarizes recent progress in the area of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. 18 chapters of the book address problems of RNA processing and stability, regulation of translation, protein folding and degradation, as well as intracellular and cell-to-cell transport of proteins and nucleic acids. Several chapters are devoted to the processes taking place in plant organelles.

Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation in Human Disease, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics book series, offers a thorough overview and discussion of post-transcriptional genetic control mechanisms and their roles across various pathologies and human developmental outcomes, along with regulatory mechanisms targeted for therapeutic approaches. The book is broadly divided in two parts: early chapters describe the basics of post-transcriptional gene regulation, associated epigenetic mechanisms, the role of RNA binding proteins, the evolution of post-transcriptional gene regulation, and methods to study these mechanisms. The second half of the book includes deeper discussion of post-transcriptional gene regulation across specific diseases and therapeutics targets. Various post-transcriptional events, including alternative splicing and polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and miRNAs and their involvement in the disease progression, are examined in detail. Includes full-color imagery illustrating key concepts and post-transcriptional disease processes, as well as descriptions of methods for studying post-transcriptional gene regulation Presents fundamental knowledge, molecular and biochemical mechanisms, and recent findings in concise and easily understandable formats Features a summary and conclusion at the end of each chapter