Nanomaterial Interfaces In Biology

The intersection of nanotechnology with biology has given rise to numerous ideas for new ways to use nanotechnology for biological applications. Nanomaterials possess unique size- and material-dependent properties which make them attractive for improving regular biomedical fields, such as drug delivery, imaging, therapy, and diagnostics. Divided into three convenient sections, Nanomaterial Interfaces in Biology: Methods and Protocols covers protocols describing synthesis, fabrication, and construction of bio-nanomaterial interfaces, characterization protocols of bio-nanomaterial interfaces, and applications which utilize the bio-nanomaterial interfaces. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible Nanomaterial Interfaces in Biology: Methods and Protocols will serve the new and emerging scientific community, enabling new capabilities and technologies that were not previously possible in medicine and biology.

This book discusses the unique interactions of nanoparticles with various biomolecules under different environmental conditions. It describes the consequences of these interactions on other biological aspects like flora and fauna of the niche, cell proliferation, etc. The book provides information about the novel and eco-friendly nanoparticle synthesis methods, such as continuous synthesis of nanoparticles using microbial cells. Additionally, the book discusses nanoparticles' potential impact in different areas of biological sciences like food, medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Due to their advanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. Inside the biological milieu, nanoparticles interact with different moieties to adopt stable shape, size, and surface functionalities and form nano-biomolecular complexes. The interaction pattern at the interface form complexes determines the fate of interacting biomolecules and nanoparticles inside the biological system. Understanding the interaction pattern at the nano-bio interface is crucial for the safe use of nanoparticles in natural sciences. This book rightly addresses all questions about the interaction and the ensuing structure and function of these nano-biomolecular complexes. This book caters to students and researchers in the area of biotechnology, microbiology, and pharmaceutical sciences.

In recent years, the fabrication of nanomaterials and exploration of their properties have attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines such as biology, physics, chemistry, and engineering. Although nanoparticulate systems are of significant interest in various scientific and technological areas, there is little known about the safety of these nanoscale objects. It has now been established that the surfaces of nanoparticles are immediately covered by biomolecules (e.g. proteins, ions, and enzymes) upon their entrance into a biological medium. This interaction with the biological medium modulates the surface of the nanoparticles, conferring a “biological identity” to their surfaces (referred to as a “corona”), which determines the subsequent cellular/tissue responses. The new interface between the nanoparticles and the biological medium/proteins, called “bio-nano interface,” has been very rarely studied in detail to date, though the interest in this topic is rapidly growing. In this book, the importance of the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles for the properties of the protein corona is discussed in detail, followed by comprehensive descriptions of the methods for assessing the protein-nanoparticle interactions. The advantages and limitations of available corona evaluation methods (e.g. spectroscopy methods, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and differential centrifugal sedimentation) are examined in detail, followed by a discussion of the possibilities for enhancing the current methods and a call for new techniques. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of protein-nanoparticle interaction phenomena are explored and discussed, with a focus on the biological impacts.

MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS AT NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY INTERFACES This book covers a wide range of topics including synthesis of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, and properties, structure-function relationships, tailoring the surface of nanomaterials for improving the properties, interaction of nanomaterials with proteins/microorganism/eukaryotic cells, and applications in different sectors. This book also provides a strong foundation for researchers who are interested to venture into developing functionalized nanomaterials for any biological applications in their research. Practical concepts such as modelling nanomaterials, and simulating the molecular interactions with biomolecules, transcriptomic or genomic approaches, advanced imaging techniques to investigate the functionalization of nanomaterials/interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules and microorganisms are some of the chapters that offer significant benefits to the researchers.

In recent decades, bio-nano interfaces have become a popular topic of research. The interface between biology (e.g., cells, proteins) and man-made materials (e.g., surfaces of labware, medical devices/implants, etc., that are exposed to the biological matter) has always been important, way before the terms of nanotechnology and nanoscience were coined. Nanotechnology brought new techniques into play, with which such interfaces can be investigated with an additional viewpoint. This book is a collection of articles spanning two decades that shows how the newer publications have evolved from the older ones. This allows the reader to see the development in the field not only technically but also conceptually. The book is, in particular, suitable for the researchers and general readers who are looking for inspiration on how ideas develop over decades.

This expanded and updated edition of the 2007 version introduces readers from various backgrounds to the rapidly growing interface between biology and nanotechnology. It intellectually integrates concepts, applications, and outlooks from these major scientific fields and presents them to readers from diverse backgrounds in a comprehensive and didactic manner.Written by two leading nanobiologists actively involved at the forefront of the field both as researchers and educators, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of nanobiology to the most advanced applications.The book fulfils a unique niche: to address not only students, but also scientists who are eager (and nowadays obliged) to learn about other state-of-the-art disciplines. The book is written in such a way as to be accessible to biologists, chemists, and physicists with no background in nanotechnology (for example biologists who are interested in inorganic nanostructures or physicists who would like to learn about biological assemblies and applications thereof). It is reader-friendly and will appeal to a wide audience not only in academia but also in the industry and anyone interested in learning more about nanobiotechnology.

This book summarizes naturally occurring and designed bio-inspired molecular building blocks assembled into nanoscale structures. It covers a fascinating array of biomimetic and bioinspired materials, including inorganic nanozymes, structures formed by DNA origami, a wide range of peptide and protein-based nanomaterials, as well as their applications in diagnostics and therapeutics. The book elucidates the mechanism of assembly of these materials and characterisation of their mechanical and physico-chemical properties which inspires readers not only to exploit the potential applications of nanomaterials, but also to understand their potential risks and benefits. It will be of interest to a broad audience of students and researchers spanning the disciplines of biology, chemistry, engineering, materials science, and physics.

This text book will bring together a mix of both internationally known and established senior scientists along side up and coming (but already accomplished) junior scientists that have varying expertise in fundamental and applied nanotechnology to biology and medicine.