Nanomaterials For Photodynamic Therapy

Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy takes a unique approach to this area, with a key focus on the use of nanomaterials and nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The book introduces the history and mechanism of action behind PDT, covering the variety of sensitizers currently available. Subsequent chapters review existing and emerging nanomaterials for PDT, including hydrogel nanocomposites, fullerenes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, and more. Challenges and translational aspects of PDT are also discussed, touching on the issues and hindrances of drug resistant cancers.The book bridges the gap between the physics and clinical aspects of PDT, offering a unique nanomaterials-focused perspective. This book will prove useful for materials scientists, biomedical engineers, electrical and optical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists interested in cancer treatment. Reviews a broad range of nanomaterials for PDT, such as graphene oxide, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and more Provides a helpful introduction to the history and mechanism of action behind PDT Discusses challenges in clinical translational, particularly in drug-resistant cancers

Today, in the face of resistant microorganisms, aggressive cancers unresponsive to conventional treatments, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for advanced and innovative protocols for combating and treating disease is paramount. This book presents basic concepts of photodynamic therapy along with data from clinical research on its use in treating oncologic and other diseases. It also presents innovative strategies in photodynamic therapy, including information on polymer nanoparticles. This book was prepared with great care and by many valuable hands so that we can expand the dissemination of Photodynamic Therapy, as well as motivate for new research.

Nanoscience has become one of the key growth areas in recent years. It can be integrated into imaging and therapy to increase the potential for novel applications in the field of photomedicine. In the past commercial applications of nanoscience have been limited to materials science research only, however, in recent years nanoparticles are rapidly being incorporated into industrial and consumer products. This is mainly due to the expansion of biomedical related research and the burgeoning field of nanomedicine. Applications of Nanoscience in Photomedicine covers a wide range of nanomaterials including nanoparticles used for drug delivery and other emerging fields such as optofluidics, imaging and SERS diagnostics. Introductory chapters are followed by a section largely concerned with imaging, and finally a section on nanoscience-enabled therapeutics. Covers a comprehensive up-to-date information on nanoscience Focuses on the combination of photomedicine with nanotechnology to enhance the diversity of applications Pioneers in the field have written their respective chapters Opens a plethora of possibilities for developing future nanomedicine Easy to understand and yet intensive coverage chapter by chapter

2D Functional Nanomaterials Outlines the latest developments in 2D heterojunction nanomaterials with energy conversion applications In 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, Dr. Ganesh S. Kamble presents an authoritative overview of the most recent progress in the rational design and synthesis of 2D nanomaterials and their applications in semiconducting catalysts, biosensors, electrolysis, batteries, and solar cells. This interdisciplinary volume is a valuable resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers, nanoscientists, and solid-state physicists looking for up-to-date information on 2D heterojunction nanomaterials. The text summarizes the scientific contributions of international experts in the fabrication and application of 2D nanomaterials while discussing the importance and impact of 2D nanomaterials on future economic growth, novel manufacturing processes, and innovative products. Provides thorough coverage of graphene chemical derivatives synthesis and applications, including state-of-the-art developments and perspectives Describes 2D/2D graphene oxide-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for immobilization of different radionuclides Covers 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and novel 2D nanomaterials for next-generation photodetectors Discusses applications of 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy and recent trends ingraphene-latex nanocomposites Perfect for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, and electronics engineers, 2D Functional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications is also an essential resource for solid-state physicists seeking accurate information on recent progress in two-dimensional heterojunction materials with energy conversion applications.

Organic Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototheranostics highlights the use of biocompatible building blocks to make nanomaterials that can aid in medical treatment through better diagnostic and antitumor efficacy. It synthesizes the current literature on synthetic strategies and designs based on peptides, proteins, polymers, lipids, and their conjugates, as well as composites and complexes with metals and inorganic components used to form the nanomaterials. Mechanistic approaches, clinical problems, and therapeutic and diagnostics mechanisms are covered in each chapter. Cellular interactions and uptake, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, drug delivery efficiency, and safety concerns of these types of nanomaterials are discussed, as well. Other topics looked at include photostability, clearance, metabolism, in-vitro and in-vivo mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, imaging, and toxicology. Outlines fabrication and design strategies of peptides, proteins, polymers, lipids, composites, and complexes with metals and inorganic components Discusses the limitations and challenges of organic nanomaterials in clinical use, including their mechanisms of penetration into cancer cells and tissue, photostability, clearance, and metabolism Covers clinical problems and therapeutic and diagnostics mechanisms

As a new concept of cancer treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained great attention in the last few decades. Compared to classical treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, PDT is a noninvasive, localized treatment of lesions that shows fewer side effects and has low systemic toxicity. In Chapter One, the basic mechanisms, applications and functional nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer are reviewed. Chapter Two summarizes the application of different carbon based nanomaterials as agents for PDT and discusses current state-of-the-art use of fullerenes and their derivatives, carbon nanotubes and graphene quantum dots in PDT. Chapter Three covers the benefits and pitfalls of using chemi- and bioluminescent systems as intracellular excitation sources in PDT. Bioluminescence is a widespread natural phenomenon, which consists on emission of light resulting from the oxidation of a substrate in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme in a biological system. Chapter Four addresses in the synthesis, characterization, and photodynamic activity of a novel hydrophobic photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(benzo[b]thiophene) Porphyrin (BTP) and water soluble photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(7- sulfonatobenzo[b]thiophene) Porphyrin (SBTP). The authors lab is engaged in the synthesis of PDT molecules incorporating benzothiophene moiety to the meso-position of porphyrin molecules. Chapter Five discusses the Guidelines for Gastroenterological Endoscopy in Patients on Oral Antithrombotic Treatment established by the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES).These guidelines classify endoscopic interventions according to the risk of hemorrhage and specify the management of various antithrombotic drugs. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are classified as high-risk procedures for hemorrhage, but PDT is not included in the guidelines. Because PDT causes ischemic necrosis of tumor tissue, the authors say this could possibly be performed safely in patients on oral antithrombotic therapy. The authors of Chapter Six developed a method of the initial concentration of protoporphyrin-IX in the operated removing glioblastoma tissue using the calibration curve of the fluorescent intensity and the known Pp-IX concentration in order to estimate of the more correlated with the cure rate.

Photomedicine is one of the most inspiring and interdisciplinary fields in medicine that involves the research and application of photobiology with respect to health and disease. Photomedicine has contributed to the clinical practice of a variety of medical fields, including dermatology, surgery, radiology, diagnostics, cardiology, and anticancer therapy. Furthermore, expansion of its scope and contribution can be expected. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to photomedicine, which brings together researchers from many countries. These include the basic science of photodynamic therapy, clinical applications in various kinds of medical fields, photochemotherapy, laser therapy for musculoskeletal pain, intense pulsed light therapy for photorejuvenation, biological function of low-level laser therapy, and photobiology for skin rejuvenation. Not only will this be beneficial for readers, but it will also contribute to scientists making further breakthroughs in photomedicine.