Nanoparticles

Fundamentals of Nanoparticles: Classifications, Synthesis Methods, Properties and Characterization explores the nanoparticles and architecture of nanostructured materials being used today in a comprehensive, detailed manner. This book focuses primarily on the characterization, properties and synthesis of nanoscale materials, and is divided into three major parts. This is a valuable reference for materials scientists, and chemical and mechanical engineers working in R&D and academia, who want to learn more about how nanoparticles and nanomaterials are characterized and engineered. Part one covers nanoparticles formation, self-assembly in the architecture nanostructures, types and classifications of nanoparticles, and signature physical and chemical properties, toxicity and regulations. Part two presents different ways to form nanometer particles, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, the classical and non-classical theories of nanoparticles formation and self-assembly, surface functionalization and other surface treatments to allow practical use. Part three covers characterization of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials, including the determination of size and shape, in addition to atomic and electronic structures and other important properties. Includes new physical and chemical techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles and architecture nanostructures Features an in-depth treatment of nanoparticles and nanostructures, including their characterization and chemical and physical properties Explores the unusual properties of materials that are developed by modifying their shape and composition and by manipulating the arrangement of atoms and molecules Explains important techniques for the synthesis, fabrication and the characterization of complex nano-architectures

Engineered Nanoparticles: Structure, Properties and Mechanisms of Toxicity is an indispensable introduction to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Although research in the area of pharmacology and toxicology of ENM is rapidly advancing, a possible correlation between their physicochemical properties and biomedical properties or toxicity is not yet fully understood. This understanding is essential to develop strategies for the safe applications and handling of ENM. The book comprehensively defines the current understanding of ENM toxicity, first describing these materials and their physicochemical properties, and then discussing the toxicological theory and methodology before finally demonstrating the potential impact of ENM on the environment and human health. It represents an essential reference for students and investigators in toxicology, pharmacology, chemistry, material sciences, medicine, and those in related disciplines who require an introduction to ENM and their potential toxicological effects. Provides state-of-the-art physicochemical descriptions and methodologies for the characterization of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) Describes the potential toxicological effects of ENM and the nanotoxicological mechanisms of action Presents how to apply theory to practice in a public health and risk assessment setting

The present book covers all research areas related to magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanorods, and other magnetic nanospecies, their preparation, characterization, and various applications, specifically emphasizing biomedical applications. The chapters written by the leading experts cover different subareas of the science and technology related to various magnetic nanospecies—providing broad coverage of this multifaceted area and its applications. The different topics addressed in this book will be of great interest to the interdisciplinary community active in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is hoped that this collection and its various chapters will be important and beneficial for researchers and students working in various areas related to bionanotechnology, materials science, biosensor applications, medicine, and many others. Furthermore, this book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to this field, in addition to providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.

Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology concern themselves with the research and application of extremely small things and can be used across all scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, material science and engineering. Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they provide a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Interesting and unexpected properties of nanoparticles are largely due to the large surface area of the material. Nanoparticles of noble metals including silver (Ag) attract the interest of many researchers owing to their high potential for plasmonic devices in future. On the other hand, nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and silver halides (AgX) have played central roles and have been extensively studied for many years in silver halide (AgX) photography. Combining knowledge of nanoparticles of Ag and related materials in plasmonics and AgX photography, this book reinforces already existing knowledge, but also presents new ideas for metal nanoparticles in plasmonics. The first part examines the structure and formation of nanoparticles of Ag and related materials. Systematic descriptions of the structure and preparation of Ag, Au, and other noble metal nanoparticles for plasmonics are followed by and related to those of nanoparticles of Ag and AgX in AgX photography. The exploration of the structure and preparation of Ag and AgX nanoparticles in photography incorporates nanoparticles with widely varied sizes, shapes, and structures, and formation processes from nucleation to growth. The second part describes the properties and performances of nanoparticles of Ag and related materials, including chapters on light absorption and scattering, catalysis, photovoltaic effects, and stability. The accumulated knowledge of many years of research in AgX photography is analysed and explained to deepen the reader's knowledge on metal nanoparticles for plasmonics, catalysis, and photovoltaics with new ideas arising from the interaction between them.

Nanoparticles are the building blocks for nanotechnology; they are better built, long lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for use across industries, including communications, medicine, transportation, agriculture and other industries. Controlled size, shape, composition, crystallinity, and structure-dependent properties govern the unique properties of nanotechnology. Bio-Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis and Sustainable Biotechnological Implications explores both the basics of and advancements in nanoparticle biosynthesis. The text introduces the reader to a variety of microorganisms able to synthesize nanoparticles, provides an overview of the methodologies applied to biosynthesize nanoparticles for medical and commercial use, and gives an overview of regulations governing their use. Authored by leaders in the field, Bio-Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis and Sustainable Biotechnological Implications bridges the gap between biology and technology, and is an invaluable resource for students and researchers alike.

This book explores the interactions between nanomaterials/nanoparticles and plants and unveils potential applications. The chapters emphasize the implications of nanoparticles in cross-discipline approaches, including agricultural science, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, material science, environmental science, food chemistry, biomedical science, etc. It presents recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies and gives in-depth insights into the interaction between nanoparticles and plant cells. In addition, it discusses the potential applications and concerns of nanoparticles comprehensively. The research field of plant nanotechnology has great potential within plant sciences and agriculture and the related research is getting increased at present. The study of plant nanotechnology receives an advantage from the great progress of nanotechnology in biomedical sciences particularly the well-development of a variety of biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) and advanced analytical techniques. Nowadays, although some NPs have been applied in the studies of plant and agronomic sciences, the knowledge regarding physiology and underlying mechanisms within the plant cell remains limited. This book offers a critical reference for students, teachers, professionals, and a wide array of researchers in plant science, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, material science, environmental science, food chemistry, nanotechnology, and biomedical science. It could also benefit the related field of plant nanotechnology for designing and organizing future research.

Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery discusses the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), presenting an historical introduction to the developments in the area, discussing methods and characterization parameters, covering targeted delivery strategies, treatment of cancer, CNS conditions, infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS infection, wound healing and tissue regeneration, dentistry, gene delivery, and its photo properties used in diagnostic and therapies, and finally presenting regulatory aspects such as theranostic applications, vaccine development, toxicity, and the translation of research to marketable products. This book is a complete reference for researchers in nanotechnology drug delivery and pharmaceutical disciplines. Researchers in pharmaceutical industries, especially those involved in the use of gold nanoparticles in the field of drug delivery, diagnosis, targeted and early therapies will also benefit from this book. Covers gold nanoparticles' characterization and synthesis techniques related to drug delivery Focuses on targeting strategies using gold nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery Provides a consolidated overview of applications of gold nanoparticles for drug delivery to several systems and conditions