Nanostructured Catalysts

With the recent advent of nanotechnology, research and development in the area of nanostructured materials has gained unprecedented prominence. Novel materials with potentially exciting new applications are being discovered at a much higher rate than ever before. Innovative tools to fabricate, manipulate, characterize and evaluate such materials are being developed and expanded. To keep pace with this extremely rapid growth, it is necessary to take a breath from time to time, to critically assess the current knowledge and provide thoughts for future developments. This book represents one of these moments, as a number of prominent scientists in nanostructured materials join forces to provide insightful reviews of their areas of expertise, thus offering an overall picture of the state-- the art of the field. Nanostructured materials designate an increasing number of materials with designed shapes, surfaces, structures, pore systems, etc. Nanostructured materials with modified surfaces include those whose surfaces have been altered via such techniques as grafting and tethering of organic or organometallic species, or through various deposition procedures including electro, electroless and vapor deposition, or simple adsorption. These materials find important applications in catalysis, separation and environmental remediation. Materials with patterned surfaces, which are essential for the optoelectronics industry, constitute another important class of surface-modified nanostructured materials. Other materials are considered nanostructured because of their composition and internal organization.

This book offers an overview of the recent studies and advances in environmental catalysis by nanomaterials, considering both the fundamental and the technological aspects. It offers contributions in different areas of environmental catalysis, including the catalytic and photocatalytic abatement of environmentally hazardous effluents from stationary or mobile sources, the valorization of waste and the production of sustainable energy. In other words, this monograph provides an overview of modern environmental and energy related applications with a particular emphasis to nano-sized catalytic materials. Recent concepts, experimental data and advanced theories are reported in this book to give evidence of the environmental and sustainable applications that can be found in the highly interdisciplinary field of catalysis.

The book gives a comprehensive up-to-date summary of the existing information on the structural/electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of vanadium and molybdenum containing catalysts. It discusses the importance of nanoscience for the controlled synthesis of catalysts with functional properties and introduces the necessary background regarding surface properties and preparation techniques, leading from a textbook level to the current state of knowledge. Then follows an extensive survey and analysis of the existing open and patent literature - an essential knowledge source for the development of the new generation of partial oxidation catalysts. Important examples from current research on partial oxidation reactions are reviewed from experts in the field. The next chapter discusses the importance of 2- and 3-dimensional model systems for a fundamental understanding of the structure of transition metal oxide catalysts and its correlation to reactivity. Finally, an outlook on research opportunities within the area of partial oxidation reactions is presented.

This book offers an overview of the recent studies and advances in environmental catalysis by nanomaterials, considering both the fundamental and the technological aspects. It offers contributions in different areas of environmental catalysis, including the catalytic and photocatalytic abatement of environmentally hazardous effluents from stationary or mobile sources, the valorization of waste and the production of sustainable energy. In other words, this monograph provides an overview of modern environmental and energy related applications with a particular emphasis to nano-sized catalytic materials. Recent concepts, experimental data and advanced theories are reported in this book to give evidence of the environmental and sustainable applications that can be found in the highly interdisciplinary field of catalysis.

The time has come for an assessment of the most important techniques for the fabrication of advanced catalysts. Catalyst production alone is more than a billion dollar business each year, and the product value of chemical processes using advanced catalysts is a few trillion dollars annually. This book seeks to provide a modern, materials science account of the best and most current techniques for the synthesis of advanced catalytic materials. Until now, there has been no single book which contains a definitive and comprehensive description of the important technologies for catalyst synthesis within the context of modern materials science. Academic researchers both in the catalytic sciences and materials sciences must have the best synthesis technologies available to accomplish the preparation of solid-state materials of specific structure and morphology. Althugh the emphasis is on new synthetic techniques for catalytic applications, the bookpresents all of the important technologies for the fabrication of electronic and structural ceramics, and superconductors. Novel Techniques for Advanced Materials Nanostructured Materials Synthesis Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Pillared Clays Heteropoly Acids Nanostructured Supported Metal Catalysts Nanostructured Metal Oxide Catalysts and Materials Nanostructured Zeolite Materials Vapor Phase Materials Synthesis Sonochemical Materials Synthesis Aerosol Methods of Catalyst Synthesis Hydrodynamic Cavitational Techniques for Catalyst and Materials Synthesis Novel Sol-Gel Methods for Catalyst Synthesis Supercritical Methods for Materials Synthesis Liquid Crystal Techniques for Mesoporous Materials Micelle Techniques for Nanostructured Catalyst Preparation Fluidized Bed Techniques in Chemical Vapor Deposition Flame Methods of Advanced Catalyst Synthesis

Catalyst technologies account for over $1 trillion of revenue in the U.S. economy alone. The applications range from medicines and alternative energy fuel cell technologies to the development of new and innovative clothing fibers. In this book, a World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) panel of eight experts in the field assesses the current state of research and development in catalysis by nanostructured materials, its sources of funding, and discusses the state of the field with respect to productivity and leadership in various nations around the world. In addition to showing the numerous and highly advantageous practical applications of the field, the panel concludes that Western Europe is currently the most productive region, followed closely by the United States. Still, the research and development output of the People's Republic of China has recently surpassed that of Japan and is now poised to surpass that of the U.S. as well.As such, this assessment is a timely review of the field's progress, taking into account the increasing contributions from Asia, and will be essential reading for professionals, whether they are seeking an in-depth summary of the state of the art or a broad view of trends affecting the discipline./a

The term 'green chemistry' was coined by Anastas and Warner in the early 1990s and it is nowadays the mainstay of designing and implementing advanced chemical processes that decrease or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances whilst minimizing energy consumption.Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanostructured Solid Catalysts for Sustainable Chemistry is an interdisciplinary collection of fundamental and applied cutting-edge studies which highlight general and specific aspects of the synthesis of nanostructured catalysts through Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS), studying their applications from the perspective of green chemistry.This book intends to integrate the fundamental principles of the SCS process with its engineering aspects and covers the synthesis of a wide variety of catalytic materials. This reference book can be used as a permanent consulting material for students, researchers and the general readership for green chemistry, nanochemistry, materials science and chemical engineering.

Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries is a comprehensive book summarizing the recent overview of these new materials developed to date. The book is motivated by research that focuses on the reduction of noble metal content in catalysts to reduce the cost associated to the entire system. Metal oxides gained significant interest in heterogeneous catalysis for basic research and industrial deployment. Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-Air Batteries puts these opportunities and challenges into a broad context, discusses the recent researches and technological advances, and finally provides several pathways and guidelines that could inspire the development of ground-breaking electrochemical devices for energy production or storage. Its primary focus is how materials development is an important approach to produce electricity for key applications such as automotive and industrial. The book is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in the disciplines of materials science, chemistry, electrochemistry, and engineering. Includes key aspects of materials design to improve the performance of electrode materials for energy conversion and storage device applications Reviews emerging metal oxide materials for hydrogen production, hydrogen oxidation, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution Discusses metal oxide electrocatalysts for water-splitting, metal-air batteries, electrolyzer, and fuel cell applications