Negative Thermal Expansion Materials

In everyday life, minute thermally-induced elongations are essentially invisible to the naked eye; but even minute expansions can fatally degrade device processing and performance in – for example – the semiconductor industry. Materials which, astonishingly, contract upon heating offer the great advantage of being able to tune the overall thermal expansion of composite materials or to act as thermal-expansion compensators. The development of these negative thermal expansion materials has advanced rapidly during the past fifteen years, and a wide variety of materials of differing types has now been identified, as well as a number of intriguing mechanisms which help to avoid the apparent inviolable tendency of size to increase with temperature. The present work is the most up-to-date summary of the current range of negative thermal expansion materials and of the associated mechanisms. Negative Thermal Expansion Materials, Thermomiotic Behavior, Thermal Stress-Fracture, Thermal Expansion of Composites, Thin-Film Design, Metamaterials

Recent Advances in Science and Technology of Zeolites and Related Materials is a collection of oral and poster communications, presented during the 14th International Zeolite Conference (IZC). The conference was hosted by the Catalysis Society of South Africa. In the tradition of the IZC series, this Conference provides a forum for the presentation of new knowledge in the science and technology of zeolites and related materials. Papers presented cover a wide range of topics that include synthesis, structure determination, characterisation, modelling, and catalysis. This highly visual book is a must for readers looking to stay up-to-date on zeolite science. * This three-part volume provides valuable information on zeolites and related materials* Includes papers that cover topics such as structure determination, modelling and separation processes* Contains new and exciting developments in the field

Ferromagnetism of metallic systems, especially those including transition metals, has been a controversial subject of modern science for a long time. This controversy sterns from the apparent dual character of the d-electrons responsible for magnetism in transition metals, i.e., they are itinerant elec trons described by band theory in their ground state, while at finite tem peratures they show various properties that have long been attributed to a system consisting of local magnetic moments. The most familiar example of these properties is the Curie-Weiss law of magnetic susceptibility obeyed by almost all ferromagnets above their Curie temperatures. At first the problem seemed to be centered around whether the d-elec trons themselves are localized or itinerant. This question was settled in the 1950s and early 1960s by various experimental investigations, in particular by observations of d-electron Fermi surfaces in ferromagnetic transition metals. These observations are generally consistent with the results of band calculations. Theoretical investigations since then have concentrated on explaining this dual character of d-electron systems, taking account of the effects of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant electron model. The problem in physical terms is to study the spin density fluctuati·ons, which are ne glected in the mean-field or one-electron theory, and their influence on the physical properties.

This book discusses bulk solids that derive their mechanical properties not from those of their base materials, but from their designed microstructures. Focusing on the negative mechanical properties, it addresses topics that reveal the counter-intuitive nature of solids, specifically the negativity of properties that are commonly positive, such as negative bulk modulus, negative compressibility, negative hygroexpansion, negative thermal expansion, negative stiffness phase, and negative Poisson’s ratio. These topics are significant not only due to the curiosity they have sparked, but also because of the possibility of designing materials and structures that can behave in ways that are not normally expected in conventional solids, and as such, of materials that can outperform solids and structures made from conventional materials. The book includes illustrations to facilitate learning, and, where appropriate, reference tables. The presentation is didactic, starting with simple cases, followed by increasingly complex ones. It provides a solid foundation for graduate students, and a valuable resource for practicing materials engineers seeking to develop novel materials through the judicious design of microstructures and their corresponding mechanisms.

Oven-to-freezer dinnerware, space shuttle insulation, and protection tubes in the molten aluminum industry are some of the applications feeding the hunger for materials with a high dimensional stability and/or thermal shock resistance over a wide temperature range. Recent advances in the basic resea

This completely revised edition features new sections on glass-ceramic applications and their performance, CDC-grinding, and laser gyroscopes containing Zerodur®., providing an overview of Schott's activities for scientists, engineers, and managers.