Newtonian Electrodynamics

The book deals with the resurgence of nineteenth century electromagnetism in physics and electrical engineering. It describes a series of important experiments, and new technologies based on these experiments, which cannot be explained by and analyzed with the modern relativistic electrodynamics of the twentieth century. The Newtonian electrodynamics of Coulomb, Ampere, Neumann, and Kirchhoff, which was current from 1750 to 1900, is fully reviewed and greatly extended to deal with contemporary research on exploding wires, railguns and other electromagnetic accelerators, jet propulsion in liquid metals, arc plasma explosions, capillary fusion, and lightning phenomena. Much of the book is based on the atomic definition of the Amperian current element. Finite element techniques for solving many electrodynamic problems are described.

Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations, Theory and Applications treats what is conventionally called electromagnetism or Maxwell's theory within the context of gauge theory or Yang-Mills theory. A major theme of this book is that fields are not stand-alone entities but are defined by their boundary conditions. The book has practical relevance to efficient antenna design, the understanding of forces and stresses in high energy pulses, ring laser gyros, high speed computer logic elements, efficient transfer of power, parametric conversion, and many other devices and systems. Conventional electromagnetism is shown to be an underdeveloped, rather than a completely developed, field of endeavor, with major challenges in development still to be met.

This book is intended as an undergraduate textbook in electrodynamics at basic or advanced level. The objective is to attain a general understanding of the electrodynamic theory and its basic experiments and phenomena in order to form a foundation for further studies in the engineering sciences as well as in modern quantum physics. The outline of the book is obtained from the following principles: • Base the theory on the concept of force and mutual interaction • Connect the theory to experiments and observations accessible to the student • Treat the electric, magnetic and inductive phenomena cohesively with respect to force, energy, dipoles and material • Present electrodynamics using the same principles as in the preceding mechanics course • Aim at explaining that theory of relativity is based on the magnetic effect • Introduce field theory after the basic phenomena have been explored in terms of force Although electrodynamics is described in this book from its 1st principles, prior knowledge of about one semester of university studies in mathematics and physics is required, including vector algebra, integral and differential calculus as well as a course in mechanics, treating Newton’s laws and the energy principle. The target groups are physics and engineering students, as well as professionals in the field, such as high school teachers and employees in the telecom industry. Chemistry and computer science students may also benefit from the book.

This is a book about the history of the science of inertia. Nobody denies the existence of the forces of inertia, but they are branded as OC fictitiousOCO because they do not fit smoothly into modern physics. Named by Kepler and given mathematical form by Newton, the force of inertia remains aloof because it has no obvious local cause. At the end of the 19th century, Ernst Mach bravely claimed that the inertia of an object was the result of its instantaneous interaction with all matter in the universe. Many other well-known physicists, including Aristotle, Galileo, Descartes and Einstein, are shown to have tackled this difficult subject. The book also concentrates on inertia research in the 20th century, taking place under the shadow of general relativity, which is seen as uncomfortable with Mach''s principle. A Newtonian paradigm, based on action-at-a-distance forces, is discussed throughout the book, allowing the revival of Mach''s principle as the only coherent explanation of the inertia forces which play such an important role in the laboratory and in the cosmos. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: All Matter Instantaneously Senses All Other Matter in the Universe (392 KB). Contents: All Matter Instantaneously Senses All Other Matter in the Universe; Johannes Kepler OCo The Astronomer Who Coined the Word Inertia; Free Fall OCo A Hardly Believable Story of Science; The Cartesian Interlude OCo A Novel Cosmology; Newton''s Force of Inertia OCo The Basis of Dynamics; A Century of Consolidation OCo The Early Practitioners of Newtonian Dynamics; Mach''s Magic Principle OCo The Unique Inertial System; Albert Einstein OCo Inertia Obscured by Gravitation; Inducing Inertia OCo An Electromagnetic Analogy; Retarded Action at a Distance OCo A Short Lived Misnomer; Clock Confusion in the 20th Century OCo The Connection Between Inertia and Timekeeping; Machian Inertia and the Isotropic Universe OCo A New Force Law. Readership: Students, academics, physicists, engineers and general readers interested in Newtonian mechanics."

This book is aimed at a large audience: scientists, engineers, professors and students wise enough to keep a critical stance whenever confronted with the chilling dogmas of contemporary physics. Readers will find a tantalizing amount of material calculated to nurture their thoughts and arouse their suspicion, to some degree at least, on the so-called validity of today's most celebrated physical theories. Contents: Wave Meaning of the Special Relativity Theory; Change of Reference Frame; Relativistic and Classical Mechanics; Experimental Tests of Special Relativity; Partial Differential Equations of Second Order; The Wave Packet Concept; Electromagnetism; Electromagnetic Induction; Amp re and Lorentz Forces; The Li(r)nardOCoWiechert Potential; Analysis of the Electromagnetic Field; Photonics Versus Electromagnetism; Radiation of Extended Sources; The Green Formulation; Wave Extinction in a Dielectric; Plasma Equation. Readership: Students and academics in advanced physics."

The so-far unanswered question of whether the movements of distance-separated objects are correlated in the way quantum physics requires or whether, according to Einstein, they can influence one another only by mechanical agencies travelling between them at speeds limited to that of light. It is to that still unanswered question that this present compilation of papers is addressed. The editorial approach is unusual in that in order to break the current conceptual deadlock and to encourage true innovation they have solicited inputs which are multidisciplinary. This open-ended venture is therefore perhaps more in line with what was once called Natural Philosophy than with what is currently known as 'Physics'. This is something of a departure for those who say that Physics no longer has anything to do with Philosophy. For there are physicists who believe that their predecessors have accomplished all the really important conceptual work on interpreting natural phenomena, so that there is no longer any call for radical revision in that direction. This leads to a constricted form of the discipline in which the purpose of all observation and experimentation is seen as simply to collect more and more information and fit it to conceptions which are traditionally 'cut and dried'. The emphasis is thus on presenting informed and carefully considered descriptions of natural phenomena, economizing as far as possible on interpretations in terms of entities which turn out to be no more than speculative.

Special Relativity, Electrodynamics, and General Relativity: From Newton to Einstein is intended to teach students of physics, astrophysics, astronomy, and cosmology how to think about special and general relativity in a fundamental but accessible way. Designed to render any reader a "master of relativity, all material on the subject is comprehensible and derivable from first principles. The book emphasizes problem solving, contains abundant problem sets, and is conveniently organized to meet the needs of both student and instructor. Fully revised and expanded second edition with improved figures Enlarged discussion of dynamics and the relativistic version of Newton’s second law Resolves the twin paradox from the principles of special and general relativity Includes new chapters which derive magnetism from relativity and electrostatics Derives Maxwell’s equations from Gauss’ law and the principles of special relativity Includes new chapters on differential geometry, space-time curvature, and the field equations of general relativity Introduces black holes and gravitational waves as illustrations of the principles of general relativity and relates them to the 2015 and 2017 observational discoveries of LIGO

This book [earlier titled as Electromagnetism: Theory and Applications which is bifurcated into two volumes: Electromagnetism: Theory and Electromagnetism: Applications (Magnetic Diffusion and Electromagnetic Waves) has been updated to cover some additional aspects of theory and nearly all modern applications. The semi-historical approach is unchanged, but further historical comments have been introduced at various places in the book to give a better insight into the development of the subject as well as to make the study more interesting and palatable to the students. Key Features • Physical explanations of different types of currents • Concepts of complex permittivity and complex permeability; and anisotropic behaviour of constitute parameters in different media and different conditions • Vector co-ordinate system transformation equations • Halbach magnets and the theory of one-sided flux • Discussion on physical aspects of demagnetization curve of B-H loop for ferromagnetic materials • Extrapolation of Frohlich-Kennely equation used for the design and analysis of permanent magnet applications • Physical aspects of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (i.e., Fourth Maxwell’s field equation) through the approach of special relativity • Extrapolation and elaboration of the concept of electromechanical energy conversion to both magnetic as well as electric field systems Appendices contain in-depth analysis of self-inductance and non-conservative fields (Appendix 6), proof regarding the boundary conditions (Appendix 8), theory of bicylindrical co-ordinate system to provide the physical basis of the circuit approach to the cylindrical transmission line systems (Appendix 10), and properties of useful functions like Bessel and Legendre functions (Appendix 9). The book is designed to serve as a core text for students of electrical engineering. Besides, it will be useful to postgraduate physics students as well as research engineers and design and development engineers in industries.