Non Coding Rna Transcripts In Cancer Therapy

'Non-coding RNA Transcripts in Cancer Therapy: Pre-clinical and Clinical Implications' provides a new insight towards role of non-coding RNAs molecules including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in cancer. The reason of focusing on cancer is that this malignant disease is responsible for high death around the world and after cardiovascular diseases, it is a leading cause of death. In the current book, the basic information and knowledge about ncRNAs, their biogenesis and their biological functions are covered. It is shown that ncRNAs can regulate expression level of genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and therefore, ncRNAs are master and key players in molecular pathways. Then, the impact of regulation of molecular pathways by ncRNAs on important molecular mechanisms such as proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and autophagy are described. All of these aspects are integrated in cancer and for treatment of this disease. In case of miRNAs, their biogenesis and biological functions in physiological conditions are described. Then, impact of miRNAs on proliferation, metastasis, therapy response (drug resistance and radio-resistance) is described. For lncRNAs and circRNAs, a same way is followed and their biogenesis and functional roles in cells are discussed. At the next step, function of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulating proliferation, metastasis and therapy response (chemoresistance and radio-resistance) is introduced. These subjects are discussed based on pre-clinical studies and in order to make the book more comprehensive and broaden its scope, the function of exosomal ncRNAs in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients is described.

Navigating Non-coding RNA: From Biogenesis to Therapeutic Application provides a concise overview of the field of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Chapters cover the history of discoveries that have occurred in the area of ncRNA, specific types of ncRNA, housekeeping ncRNAs such as ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, small nuclear RNA and telomerase RNA, regulatory ncRNAs such as microRNA, small interfering RNA, long non-coding RNA and Y RNA. Biogenesis, structure, function, and regulation of each of these are also explored in addition to traditional and cutting-edge methods for the identification, functional characterization and structural characterization of ncRNA. The book also focuses on the different types of epitranscriptomic modifications and their involvement in regulating ncRNA structure, stability and intermolecular interactions in addition to the role of ncRNAs in a range of diseases and potential therapeutic applications. Covers a wide range of non-coding RNAs, including ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, telomerase RNA, microRNA, small interfering RNA and circular RNA Features both traditional and novel methodologies for investigating ncRNA, from microarray and conventional chemical probing to CAGE-seq and computational methods Includes chapters on ncRNAs in a range of diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular conditions and infectious illnesses Discusses novel therapeutic strategies for targeting ncRNAs, including CRISP/Ca9 applications and RNAi-based strategies Explores the molecular mechanisms and intermolecular interactions of ncRNA

The ‘RNA world’ hypothesis that proposed RNA molecules as the first form of genetic material was put forwarded in the late 1980s but got impetus only recently when high-throughput sequencing technologies began unearthing new types of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts in higher eukaryotes. Till then, research on ncRNAs were primarily confined to transfer RNAs and, ribosomal RNAs, which act as the messengers of the protein synthesis and allow translation of genetic information encoded by DNA into proteins. In recent years, the integration of high-throughput genomic technologies with molecular biology and omics sciences have revolutionized the fields of ncRNA research by identifying the hidden treasures of several new types of ncRNAs encoded in the genomes of several organisms and decrypting their versatile roles in gene expression and epigenetics. Among these, two small endogenous ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that drive argonaute (AGO) family of proteins namely Ago and Piwi respectively and silence the expression of genes have geared up molecular and disease biology research in recent years. Both miRNAs and piRNAs are expressed in higher eukaryotes, including human and act as cellular rheostats by regulating the expression of significant fraction of genes encoded in the genomes. The aberrant expressions of these small ncRNAs within the cells cause various abnormalities and diseases including cancer. Manipulating their aberrant expression or function can serve as potential novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and bring in new therapeutic strategies for multiple human diseases. This can be further translated from bench-side to clinic for improving human health. This book captures the essence of the pioneering work of some of the world’s leading researchers showcasing the scientific excitements surrounding the evolving regulatory roles of miRNAs and piRNAs highlighting their potential towards the diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases. The book is geared towards scientists, students, and will particularly appeal to active investigators in RNA biology, molecular biology, cancer research as well as clinicians and will provide them a comprehensive view of recent discoveries and research progresses to utilize miRNAs, piRNAs and their interacting proteins, Ago and Piwi for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of diseases. Provides a unified cutting-edge resource for both miRNAs and piRNAs, two promising AGO-clade small ncRNAs, their functions and potential applications Showcase high-throughput technologies and other approaches for discovery of these small ncRNAs and their targets Unveils the diverse molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs and piRNAs regulate gene expression in animal cells Showcase recent discoveries on involvement of Argonaute and Piwi proteins in different biological processes and diseases as well as their possible use in diagnosis Report breakthroughs in the use of small ncRNAs for diagnosis and personalized therapy

Clinical Applications of Noncoding RNAs in Cancer summarizes the existing strategies, advances, and future opportunities on the role of noncoding RNAs in cancer patients. Established clinicians and researchers from all around the world share their views and expertise and provide readers with invaluable knowledge on the subject. This book provides a comprehensive collection of information on the utility of noncoding RNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. It also discusses the evolutionary significance of noncoding RNAs and how the molecular tools such as RNA-seq, RNA-FISH, ic-SHAPE, and quantitative real-time PCR help in the detection and elucidation of the functions of noncoding RNAs. Additionally, the challenges associated with noncoding RNA approaches and future developments are discussed. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, clinicians, and other biomedical field members who want to learn more about noninvasive ways to diagnose and efficiently treat diverse cancer types. Presents a beginning chapter summary to help readers understand the content thoroughly Encompasses detailed description of information from clinical studies on noncoding RNAs in cancer therapy Discusses one cancer type per chapter making the content easy to reference

The book conveys a comprehensive knowledge of long and short ncRNAs in cancer regulation and their potentials as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Topics covered include the molecular mechanisms of various classes of ncRNAs (with emphasis on long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs) in cancer, the functional roles of ncRNAs in regulating different cancer hallmarks (including proliferation, apoptosis, stem-cell properties, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metabolism, angiogenesis, tumor-host interactions and therapeutic resistance), the role of ncRNAs in regulating cancer signaling circuitry programs (highlighting their involvement in c-myc, p53 and NFkB signaling), a systemic summary of clinical and preclinical studies that evaluate the potential of ncRNA signatures for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and strategies to delivery short ncRNAs as therapeutic molecules for cancer treatment. This book may serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers, graduate students and oncologists in ncRNA and cancer research and help drug development by identifying ncRNA targets.

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an attractive research field in the RNA world. ncRNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in animals, plants, and various human diseases. It is clear that current and further research on ncRNAs will change our knowledge of the nature of genome composition by editing previous dogmas. This book provides an overview of current knowledge on ncRNA research by dealing with miRNA and ncRNA-related human diseases, plant miRNA markers, and the roles of lncRNAs in cancer and epigenetics.