Occupational Exposure To Hydrogen Cyanide And Cyanide Salts Nacn Kcn And Ca Cn 2

This book reviews toxicity documents on five chemicals that can be released in the air from accidents at chemical plants, storage sites, or during transportation. The documents were prepared by the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and were evaluated for their scientific validity, comprehensives, internal consistency, and conformance to the 1993 guidelines report.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is aware of the potential toxicological hazards to crew members that might be associated with prolonged spacecraft missions. Despite major engineering advances in controlling the atmosphere within spacecraft, some contamination of the air appears inevitable. NASA has measured numerous airborne contaminants during space missions. As the missions increase in duration and complexity, ensuring the health and well-being of astronauts traveling and working in this unique environment becomes increasingly difficult. As part of its efforts to promote safe conditions aboard spacecraft, NASA requested the National Research Council (NRC) to develop guidelines for establishing spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for contaminants, and to review SMACs for various spacecraft contaminants to determine whether NASA's recommended exposure limits are consistent with the guidelines recommended by the subcommittee. In response to this request, the NRC first developed criteria and methods for preparing SMACs for spacecraft contaminants, published in its 1992 report Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants. Since then, the NRC's Subcommittee on Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations has been reviewing NASA's documentation of chemical-specific SMACs. This report is the fourth volume in the series Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants. The first volume was published in 1994 and the second and third in 1996. Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 4 has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their technical expertise and diverse perspectives in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee for reviewing NRC and Institute of Medicine reports. The purpose of that Independent review was to provide candid and critical comments to assist the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

The indispensable resource for health professionals on potentially unsafe chemicals--now fully updated Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, Fifth Edition provides a comprehensive reference text for health professionals who need toxicology data on chemicals that may be encountered in various work settings. Building on the success of the Fourth Edition-already a standard text-this new edition updates and revises the more than 600 entries of that text, and also adds monographs on new compounds. Introductory chapters cover toxicological concepts, clinical manifestations of exposure, the diagnosis of occupational disease, and industrial hygiene aspects of chemical exposures. The rest of the text consists of more than 625 alphabetically arranged entries on individual compounds, each of which includes: * Chemical formula * CAS number * 2003 ACGIH (American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists) threshold limit value * Synonyms * Physical properties * Sources of exposure * Routes of exposure * Toxicological data The toxicological data includes both acute and chronic effects, especially as related to any known exposure levels. The data emphasizes human studies and cases over animal data whenever sufficient information is available, and addresses any known carcinogenic, mutagenic, fetotoxic, or other reproductive effects. Clinical information is presented in a succinct narrative form to aid in understanding. Easy to use, in-depth, and comprehensive, Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, Fifth Edition offers occupational health physicians, nurses, industrial hygienists, and other safety professionals an invaluable and up-to-date resource.

The presence of cyanide is a significant issue in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and management, in remediation of former manufactured gas plant sites and aluminum production waste disposal sites, in treatment and management of residuals from hydrometallurgical gold mining, and in other industrial operations in which cyanide-bearing