On The Various Contrivances By Which British And Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised By Insects

This 1862 publication describes the flower structure of orchids and their pollination to illustrate aspects of Darwin's evolutionary theory.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ On The Various Contrivances By Which British And Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised By Insects: And On The Good Effects Of Intercrossing Charles Darwin J. Murray, 1862 Fertilization of plants; Orchids; Pollination by insects

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1862 edition. Excerpt: ... ably run into the same ovarian group: thus the vessels supplying the upper sepal, the Fig. xxxii. Upper or posterior sepal. Labellum. Section Of The Flower Of An Orchid. The little circles show the position of the spiral vessels S S. Stigmas; Sr, stigma modified into the rostellum. Ai. Fertile anther of the outer whorl; A 2 A3, anthers of the same whorl comhined with the lower petal, forming the labellum. ai 02. Kudimentary anthers of the inner whorl (fertile in Cypripedium), generally forming the clinandrum; 03, third anther of the same whorl, when present, forming the front of the column. fertile anther (A 1), and the upper pistil or stigma (i. e. rostellum S r), all unite and form the posterior ovarian group. Again, the vessels supplying one of the lower sepals, the corner of the labellum, and one of the two stigmas (S), unite and form the antero-lateral group; and so with all the other vessels. Hence, if the existence of groups of spiral vessels can be trusted, and Dr. Hooker informs me that he has never known them to speak falsely, the flower of an Orchid certainly consists of fifteen organs, in a much modified and confluent condition. "We see three stigmas, with the two lower ones generally confluent, and with the upper one modified into the rostellum. We see six stamens, arranged in two whorls, with one alone (A 1) generally fertile. In Cypripedium, however, two stamens of the inner whorl (a 1 and a 2) are fertile, and in other Orchids these two are represented in various ways more plainly than the remaining stamens. The third stamen of the inner whorl (o 3), when its vessels can be traced, forms the front of the column: Brown thought that it often formed a medial excrescence, or ridge, cohering to the labellum; or, in the case of...

A quorum of scientists offer reviews and results to celebrate the 150th anniversary of 'On The Various Contrivances By Which British And Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised By Insects, And On The Good Effects Of Intercrossing' (1862). Authors of the first ten chapters follow research on the pollination and breeding systems of the same orchid lineages that interested Darwin, including temperate and tropical species. Authors on the last two chapters provide information on the floral attractants and flowering systems of orchids using protocols and technologies unavailable during Darwin's lifetime.