Our Shrinking Globe Implications For Child Safety An Issue Of Pediatric Clinics Of North America E Book

Pediatricians in the Unites States and around the World continue to face a myriad of global health threats affecting child and adolescent health including: 1) infectious diseases of poverty [e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases] in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in sub Saharan Africa; 2) emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (such as Ebola); 3) rise of non-communicable diseases (e.g. common mental disorders); 4) unintentional injuries; and 5) environmental health hazards (e.g. climate change). Despite the promising news about rapid declines in maternal and child mortality in the era of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which originated from the United Nation (UN) Millennium Declaration in 2000, only 20% and 7% of LMIC are currently on track to attain the maternal and child mortality targets. For example, 44% of deaths in children younger than 5 years occur in neonates. Besides discovery of life-saving interventions (e.g. development of new and improved vaccines) for maternal and child health, we also need to do a better job at bridging the knowledge-implementation gap and increase the effectiveness of proven interventions. For example, despite the availability of effective vaccines to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia, rotavirus gastroenteritis, and human papilloma virus-related diseases (e.g. cervical cancer), use of these vaccines remain suboptimal in LMIC. We need to recognize that global health is also local public health. For example, improving access, equity and quality of care for orphans and vulnerable children, immigrant and newly arrived refugee children in the U.S. remains a challenge. Timely access to psychiatric care for children and adolescents with mental illness is a major concern. The explosion of new age technology (such as the internet) also poses a considerable risk to children and adolescents. Pediatricians also need to be aware of diverse socio-cultural determinants of health and ethical issues in global health service and delivery. This issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America aims to address the above crucial global health challenges affecting children and adolescents. As practicing pediatricians, we have the unique opportunity to influence local and global public health. In the post-MDG era (beyond 2015), collaborative partnerships between various disciplines and across research, education and service is vital to reduce health inequities in children worldwide.

The Guest Editors have assembled an international list of top experts to present the most current information to pediatricians about patient safety. The issue has a primarily clinical focus with a few articles addressing the business and practice of patient safety. Articles are devoted to the following topics: Developing performance standards and expectations for safety; The role of CPOE in patient safety; The role of smart infusion pumps on patient safety; Abstracted detection of adverse events in children; The role of effective communication (including handoffs) in patient safety; Reducing mortality resulting from adverse events; Optimizing standardization of case reviews (morbidity and mortality rounds) to promote patient safety; Impact of (resident) duty work hours on patient safety; Role of simulation in safety; The role of diagnostic errors in patient safety; The role of collaborative efforts to reduce hospital acquired conditions; Patient safety in ambulatory care; Role of FDA and pediatric safety; and Patient safety through the eyes of a parent.

Clinical decision making in the emergency department; Recent advances in the recognition, evaluation and management of pediatric sepsis; Evaluation and management of the adult patient presenting to a pediatric ED; Critical care in the pediatric ED; Point of care testing in the ED: Implications, impact and future directions; Child abuse and conditions that mimic them; Indications and interpretation of common investigations/tests in the ED; Recent advances in pediatric concussion and mild traumatic brain injury; Pediatric emergency care: Impact on healthcare and implications for policy; Clinical decision rules in the pediatric ED; Pediatric urgent care: The good, the bad and the ugly; Advances in medical education and implications for the pediatric ED workforce; Quality and safety in pediatric ED; Optimizing resources and impact of lean processes on ED operations; Pediatric readiness and disaster management; Recent advances in technology and its applications to pediatric emergency care

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize

In this issue of Pediatric Clinics, guest editors Yvonne A. Maldonado, Steven E. Krug, and Erica Y. Popovsky bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Pandemic Planning in Pediatrics. Top experts in the field discuss key topics such as vaccine development, workforce concerns, overcoming vulnerabilities in our emergency care system, and more. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including the Impact of COVID-19 on the Health of Migrant Children in the United States; The Role of Clinic Preparedness to Support Patients and Strengthen the Medical System During and After a Pandemic; Infection Prevention and Control Implications of Special Pathogens in Children; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on pandemic planning in pediatrics, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Bonita Stanton, Drs. Steven Kairys and Arturo Brito have put together a comprehensive issue that addresses Vulnerable Children in the United States. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Outcomes; Abuse and Neglect/Foster Care/Family Violence; Homelessness/Street/Children/Undocumented/Community Violence; 20 Questions (and Answers) About Media Violence and Cyberbullying; Autism as a Representative of Disability; Addiction including Tobacco and Drugs in Children; Food Insecurity and the Impact on Child Health; Guns and School Violence; The Vulnerability of Children; The Vulnerability of LGBTQ Children; Implicit Bias Impact on Children; Supporting Immigrant Children and Youth: What Pediatricians Can Do; and Human Trafficking. Readers will come away with the information they need to improve outcomes in vulnerable pediatric patients.

In collaboration with Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton, Drs. Stephen Ludwig, Andrew Steenhoff, and Julie M. Linton have assembled expert authors to bring current information to pediatricians on the timely topic of International Migration: Caring for Children and Families. The guest editors have addressed the societal issues, community response, and have provided clinical tools. Specific articles are devoted to the following topics: Concern for International Migration- Why Now?; Defining Size and Scope of the Problem; State of Health Services for Refugees and Immigrants; Intersection of Global and Urban; Developing a Community Response; Clinical Tools for Working Abroad with Migrants; Clinical Tools for Working at Home with Migrants; Advocacy Views from City Hall to Capitol Hill; Social, Educational and Psychological Development; Building on Resiliencies of Refugee Families; Overcoming Communication Barriers in Refuge Healthcare; and Building a Global Health Workforce. Readers will come away with the most current information on this important topic.

This document presents a set of standards to be used in planning and establishing a high quality child care program. The standards are based on the recommendations of technical panels that studied particular facets in child care and are intended to serve as goals for practice and guidelines for implementation. The nine chapters of the text address the topics of: (1) staffing; (2) program activities for healthy development of children; (3) protection and promotion of health; (4) nutrition and food service; (5) facilities, supplies, equipment, and transportation; (6) infectious diseases; (7) children with special needs; (8) program administration; and (9) licensing and community action. The chapters list almost 1,000 standards. Each chapter includes a rationale for each standard and comments concerning the standard. A list of references is provided at the end of each chapter. A series of 39 appendices includes further lists of standards and additional information relating to standards, a reference list for the appended materials, a glossary, and an index. (BC)