Packaging And Shipping Containers

In April 1956, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston. From that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that made the boom in global trade possible. The Box tells the dramatic story of the container's creation, the decade of struggle before it was widely adopted, and the sweeping economic consequences of the sharp fall in transportation costs that containerization brought about. But the container didn't just happen. Its adoption required huge sums of money, both from private investors and from ports that aspired to be on the leading edge of a new technology. It required years of high-stakes bargaining with two of the titans of organized labor, Harry Bridges and Teddy Gleason, as well as delicate negotiations on standards that made it possible for almost any container to travel on any truck or train or ship. Ultimately, it took McLean's success in supplying U.S. forces in Vietnam to persuade the world of the container's potential. Drawing on previously neglected sources, economist Marc Levinson shows how the container transformed economic geography, devastating traditional ports such as New York and London and fueling the growth of previously obscure ones, such as Oakland. By making shipping so cheap that industry could locate factories far from its customers, the container paved the way for Asia to become the world's workshop and brought consumers a previously unimaginable variety of low-cost products from around the globe. Published in hardcover on the fiftieth anniversary of the first container voyage, this is the first comprehensive history of the shipping container. Now with a new chapter, The Box tells the dramatic story of how the drive and imagination of an iconoclastic entrepreneur turned containerization from an impractical idea into a phenomenon that transformed economic geography, slashed transportation costs, and made the boom in global trade possible.

Supplies essential techniques needed for protective packaging Explains testing required for container performance Covers distribution packaging for food, healthcare, electronics, as well as hazardous and regulated materials Reviews basic math and physics fundamentals for students and professionals Protective Packaging Development offers a comprehensive practical explanation of the methods needed to improve packaging design in multiple distribution environments. It combines a clear presentation of protective packaging basics with details on how to obtain and apply experimental data to the design of new packaging. In this context it covers the materials, testing, regulations and manufacturing of a wide range of product and shipping containers. Written by two of the most respected packaging authorities in the U.S., the book covers packaging mathematics and physics in a clear step-by-step way and shows with numerous real-world examples how these concepts are applied to design strategies. In this unique book students and professionals are given the testing and data information required for creating a wide range of protective packaging systems within numerous product categories such as electronics, healthcare, and food. Also covered are container requirements and tests for hazardous and regulated materials.