Particle Size Enlargement

Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 1: Particle Size Enlargement is the first of a series which will together form a Handbook of Powder Technology, primarily intended for engineers and scientists working in industry. The scope of the Handbook can be defined as being concerned with that part of chemical engineering which deals with processes involving the handling and treatment of material in solid particulate form. This book deals with methods used to create larger entities from fine particles so that the bulk properties of particulates can be improved. These so-called ""size enlargement"" methods evidently concern a broad spectrum of technical disciplines and industries ranging from the relatively small scale requirements of pharmaceutical manufacturers through the tonnage requirements of the fertilizer and minerals processing industries. A primary objective in preparing this book was to present a generalized account of the many size enlargement techniques scattered throughout these diverse industries, with emphasis on similarities and unifying characteristics whenever possible. The book devotes one chapter to each of the principal methods used to bring particles together into agglomerates: agitation methods— tumbling agglomeration, agitation methods—mixer agglomeration, pressure methods, thermal methods, spray and dispersion methods, and agglomeration from liquids.

Granulation provides a complete and comprehensive introduction on the state-of-the-art of granulation and how it can be applied both in an academic context and from an industrial perspective. Coupling science and engineering practices it covers differing length scales from the sub-granule level through behaviour through single granules, to bulk granule behaviour and equipment design. With special focus on a wide range of industrially relevant areas from fertilizer production, through to pharmaceuticals. Experimental data is complemented by mathematical modelling in this emerging field, allowing for a greater understanding of the basis of particle products and this important industry sector. Four themes run through the book: 1. The Macro Scale processing for Granulation – including up to date descriptions of the methods used for granulation and how they come about and how to monitor – on-line these changes. 2. The Applications of granulation from an industrial perspective, with current descriptive roles and how they are undertaken with relevance to industry, and effective properties. 3. Mechanistic descriptions of granulation and the different rate processes occurring within the granulator. This includes methods of modelling the process using Population – Balance Equations, and Multi-level Computational Fluid Dynamics Models. 4. The Micro Scale: Granules and Smaller, looking at single granules and there interactions and modelling, while also considering the structure of granules and their constituent liquid bridges. * Covers a wide range of subjects and industrial applications * Provides an understanding of current issues for industrial and academic environments * Allows the reader an understanding of the science behind engineered granulation processes

Enlargement and Compaction of Particulate Solids describes the methodology used in the compaction and size enlargement of particulate solids. The discussions are organized into the following topics: characterization of powders and granules before and after compaction; mixing; shear testing; fluidized bed granulation; mechanisms of size enlargement and compaction; and instrumentation of industrial presses and processes. This text is comprised of 12 chapters; the first of which deals with the measurement of size and shape of individual particles or collections of individual particles, both spherical and non-spherical. Attention then turns to particle characterization by size, shape, and surface for contacted particles. The application of nitrogen isotherms Types II and IV and mercury intrusion to compacted solids is highlighted. The chapters that follow focus on powder mixing; flow and handling of solids; and pharmaceutical granulation and compaction. The basic mechanisms of size enlargement are reviewed in relation to three common methods of granulation: pan granulation, fluidized bed granulation, and spray drying or prilling. The remaining chapters describe the mechanisms of compaction, compact characterization, instrumentation of tablet machines, compaction of ceramics, and isostatic pressing and compacting techniques. This book is intended primarily for students and chemical engineers as well as physicists, powder and pharmaceutical technologists, ceramacists, and metallurgists.

Particle technology is a term used to refer to the science and technology related to the handling and processing of particles and powders. The production of particulate materials, with controlled properties tailored to subsequent processing and applications, is of major interest to a wide range of industries, including chemical and process, food, pharmaceuticals, minerals and metals companies and the handling of particles in gas and liquid solutions is a key technological step in chemical engineering. This textbook provides an excellent introduction to particle technology with worked examples and exercises. Based on feedback from students and practitioners worldwide, it has been newly edited and contains new chapters on slurry transport, colloids and fine particles, size enlargement and the health effects of fine powders. Topics covered include: Characterization (Size Analysis) Processing (Granulation, Fluidization) Particle Formation (Granulation, Size Reduction) Storage and Transport (Hopper Design, Pneumatic Conveying, Standpipes, Slurry Flow) Separation (Filtration, Settling, Cyclones) Safety (Fire and Explosion Hazards, Health Hazards) Engineering the Properties of Particulate Systems (Colloids, Respirable Drugs, Slurry Rheology) This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of chemical engineering on particle technology courses. It is also valuable supplementary reading for students in other branches of engineering, applied chemistry, physics, pharmaceutics, mineral processing and metallurgy. Practitioners in industries in which powders are handled and processed may find it a useful starting point for gaining an understanding of the behavior of particles and powders. Review of the First Edition taken from High Temperatures - High pressures 1999 31 243 – 251 "..This is a modern textbook that presents clear-cut knowledge. It can be successfully used both for teaching particle technology at universities and for individual study of engineering problems in powder processing."

Although agglomeration has long been used in the making of bricks and the recovery of coal particles, scientific investigation in this area only began in the 1950s. Presents for the first time the fundamentals of agglomeration science, the technology related to it and its various applications in modern industry. There is a thorough review of methods of experimental investigation and analysis and a detailed section on industrial size enlargement equipment and processes.