Peter Of Spain Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis Tractatus

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This volume presents an English translation of Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis' (d. 1277) Tractatus -- called afterwards Summulae Logicales -- on the basis of the critical edition established by L. M. de Rijk (1972). The Summulae's first part (I-V) introduces Aristotelian ideas familiar enough at the time to be called Old Logic; the second (VI-XII) studies properties of terms, then considered novelties of Modern Logic. The two most important properties of terms were Supposition (meaning-as-reference) and Signification (meaning-as-sense). Among the questions raised were how senses and referents are related. Classifications recorded by Hispanus became part of Western traditional education. His Summulae was widely required as a text for generations, and later texts borrowed, amended, rejected or extended parts of it. The Summulae is also worth evaluating in the light of debate about the 'scientific' status of Linguistics. Hispanus claimed Dialectic was a study prerequisite to all others, because it shows how to test their fundamental assumptions. Norms he proposed for this rigorous interpretation of language are public, refutable, and countable, all characteristics claimed for 'science'.

This book is a translation of Petrus Hispanus' 13th century text. Hispanus was a contemporary of linguistic theorists called 'Modistae' after 12th to 14th century writings entitled De Modis Significandi. Their concerns involved differences between the way things are in themselves, how we understand them, and how grammatical conventions require us to communicate about them.

First published in 2003, Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia, is the first comprehensive reference to the vital world of medieval Spain. This unique volume focuses on the Iberian kingdoms from the fall of the Roman Empire to the aftermath of the Reconquista and encompass topics of key relevance to medieval Iberia, including people, events, works, and institutions, as well as interdisciplinary coverage of literature, language, history, arts, folklore, religion, and science. It also provides in-depth discussions of the rich contributions of Muslim and Jewish cultures, and offers useful insights into their interactions with Catholic Spain. With nearly 1,000 signed A-Z entries and written by renowned specialists in the field, this comprehensive work is an invaluable tool for students, scholars, and general readers alike.

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. Coverage includes inventions, discoveries, concepts, places and fields of study, regions, and significant contributors to various fields of science. There are also entries on South-Central and East Asian science. This reference work provides an examination of medieval scientific tradition as well as an appreciation for the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted and those that replaced it. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages website.

The most widely read logic book in fifteenth-century Italy, Logica Parva was copied in more than 80 manuscripts and 25 editions. By transmitting Oxford logic to Italy it influenced the development of logic, science and philosophy in the Renaissance. This first critical edition from the manuscripts locates the Logica Parva within the tradition of late medieval logic and semantics. The Introduction gives an inventory of all manuscripts of the Logica Parva and an extensive Commentary analyzes the work's key terms and concepts.