Pharmacology Ii

This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

The VA National Formulary generated controversy, which motivated congressional scrutiny and a directive to the VA to commission this report reviewing the experience with the National Formulary and formulary system. This Institute of Medicine committee was pleased to assist the Congress with this review, in part because the committee saw in the VHA example an opportunity to understand and anticipate problems that all publicly funded programs are likely to encounter in this new age of pharmaceuticals. The Congress asked the committee to review the restrictiveness of the National Formulary, its impact on the costs and quality of care in the VHA, and how it compared to formularies and drug management practices in the private sector and in other public programs, especially Medicaid. Detailed in the pages that follow, the committee's findings and conclusions on these questions are, the committee believes, highly instructive, though not always in the ways that we anticipated.

The major aim to write this textbook is to provide information in articulate summarized manner to accomplish necessities of undergraduates as per PCI regulation. This volume is designed not only according to curriculum of undergraduate courses in pharmacy by PCI but also to communicate knowledge on Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence for post graduate learners. We assured this book will be originated very valuable by graduates, post graduates, professors and industrial learners. However any suggestion for further improvement of text are welcome and will be taken due note of.

Welcome to Advanced Pharmacology - II (MPL 201T). This comprehensive textbook is designed to provide students with a deep understanding of advanced concepts in pharmacology, focusing on various therapeutic agents and their mechanisms of action. In this book, we delve into the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of a wide array of drugs. From endocrine pharmacology to chemotherapy, gastrointestinal pharmacology, immunopharmacology, and free radicals pharmacology, each section offers detailed insights into the pharmacotherapy of various diseases. The syllabus covers a broad spectrum of topics, starting with Endocrine Pharmacology, where we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms of hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid hormones, insulin, and sex hormones. Additionally, we examine drugs used in the treatment of endocrine disorders, including anti-thyroid drugs, oral hypoglycemic agents, oral contraceptives, and corticosteroids. Moving on to Chemotherapy, we delve into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial agents, including ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and macrolide antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss antifungal, antiviral, and anti-TB drugs, along with strategies to combat drug resistance.

The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.

Screening Methods in Pharmacology, Volume II is a collection of papers that presents practical techniques and information on the selection of a screening program for a particular pharmacological activity. The book contains the most reliable, simplest, and the most preferred screening methods in pharmacology. The text presents screening methods for alpha and beta Adrenergic blocking agents; compounds for antianginal activity; topical products for excessive eccrine sweating; antidepressant agents; and agents with analgesic and analgesic antagonist activity. Pharmacologists, pharmacists, researchers, and physicians will find this book a good source of information.