Philosophical Mysticism In Plato Hegel And The Present

Few twenty-first century academics take seriously mysticism's claim that we have direct knowledge of a higher or more “inner” reality or God. But Philosophical Mysticism argues that such leading philosophers of earlier epochs as Plato, G. W. F. Hegel, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Alfred North Whitehead were, in fact, all philosophical mystics. This book discusses major versions of philosophical mysticism beginning with Plato. It shows how the framework of mysticism's higher or more inner reality allows nature, freedom, science, ethics, the arts, and a rational religion-in-the-making to work together rather than conflicting with one another. This is how philosophical mysticism understands the relationships of fact to value, rationality to ethics, and the rest. And this is why Plato's notion of ascent or turning inward to a higher or more inner reality has strongly attracted such major figures in philosophy, religion, and literature as Aristotle, Plotinus, St Augustine, Dante Alighieri, Immanuel Kant, Hegel, William Wordsworth, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Emily Dickinson, Whitehead, and Wittgenstein. Wallace's Philosophical Mysticism brings this central strand of western philosophy and culture into focus in a way unique in recent scholarship.

Metaphysics, or the attempt to conceive the world as a whole by means of thought, has been developed, from the first, by the union and conflict of two very different human impulses, the one urging men towards mysticism, the other urging them towards science. Some men have achieved greatness through one of these impulses alone, others through the other alone: in Hume, for example, the scientific impulse reigns quite unchecked, while in Blake a strong hostility to science co-exists with profound mystic insight. But the greatest men who have been philosophers have felt the need both of science and of mysticism: the attempt to harmonise the two was what made their life, and what always must, for all its arduous uncertainty, make philosophy, to some minds, a greater thing than either science or religion...

This book investigates Hegel’s interpretation of the mystical philosophy of Jakob Böhme (1575-1624), considered in the context of the reception of Böhme in the 18th and 19th centuries, and of Hegel’s own understanding of mysticism as a philosophical approach. The three sections of this book present: the historical background of Hegel’s encounter with Böhme’s writings; the development of two different conceptions of mysticism in Hegel’s work; and finally Hegel’s approach to Böhme’s philosophy, discussing in detail the references to Böhme both in published writings and manuscripts. According to Hegel, Böhme is “the first German philosopher”. The reason for placing Böhme at the very beginning of German philosophy is that Hegel considers him to be a profound thinker, despite his rudimentary education. Hegel’s fascination with Böhme mainly concerns the mystic’s understanding of the symbiotic relation between God and his opposite, the Devil: he considers this to be the true speculative core of Böhme’s thought. By interpreting Böhme, Hegel intends to free the speculative content of his thought from the limitations of the inadequate, barbarous form in which the mystic expressed it, and also to liberate Böhme from the prejudices surrounding his writings, placing him firmly in the territory of philosophy and detaching him from the obscurity of esotericism. Combining historical reconstructions and philosophical argumentation, this book guides the reader through an important phase in German philosophy, and ultimately into an inquiry about the relationship between mysticism and philosophy itself.

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A new 2024 translation of Heidegger's early work "The Philosophical Foundations of Medieval Mysticism", was originally published in 1918. This edition contains a new afterword by the Translator, a timeline of Heidegger's life and works, a philosophic index of core Heideggerian concepts and a guide for terminology across 19th and 20th century Existentialists. This translation is designed for readability and accessibility to Heidegger's enigmatic and dense philosophy. Complex and specific philosophic terms are translated as literally as possible and academic footnotes have been removed to ensure easy reading. Heidegger's "The Philosophical Foundations of Medieval Mysticism" (original German "Die Philosophischen Grundlagen Der Mittelalterlichen Mystik") is a draft for a lecture written in 1918/19 but never delivered. Here Heidegger examines the phenomenological understanding of religious experience, distinguishing it from historical, metaphysical, and psychological perspectives, addressing the methodological challenges of interpreting mystical experiences, emphasizing the importance of a primordial understanding that transcends theoretical biases. Central themes include the experiential and theoretical aspects of mysticism, its metaphysical interpretation, and the philosophical complexities inherent in the study of religious consciousness.

Hegel's ideas about the nature of religion, its history, and its relation to philosophy have had great influence on his friends and foes alike. Relying on the new critical edition of Hegel's separate lecture courses, the essays in this book provide new insights into Hegel's ideas and challenge the way we think today. Crucial topics are discussed. Is Hegel a Christian? Does the political community absorb religion? How does religion relate to philosophy? What does Hegel have to say about evil and tragedy, about the persistence of mythology, about mysticism? The book also touches on the relation of Hegel's thoughts to deconstructive insights into religion.

"As an analytical philosopher, Russell's work focuses on the use of logic and science to explore philosophical ideas. And, conversely, he uses philosophy to study scientific systems and scientific inquiry. He opens the book with 'Mysticism and logic,' a discussion of the two major impulses in human and philosophical thought. Here he makes his case for the importance and fundamental necessity for his brand of philosophy. These essays are technical in nature, but students in philosophy and dedicated readers will receive a wealth of knowledge for their efforts"--Jacket flap.