Physics Of Strength And Plasticity

Presents a new physical and mathematical theory of irreversible deformations and ductile fracture of metals that acknowledges the continuous change in the structure of materials during deformation and the accumulation of deformation damage. Plastic deformation, viscous destruction, evolution of structure, creep processes, and long-term strength of metals and stress relaxation are described in the framework of a unified approach and model. The author then expands this into a mathematical model for determining the mechanical characteristics of quasi-samples of standard mechanical properties in deformed semi-finished products.

The title of this book is derived from a graduate course in which Professor Egon Orowan presented to M.I.T. students a clear and simple picture of the basic concepts in crystal plasticity and the mechanics of fracture of materials. Since the publication of his pioneering papers on dislocations and atomic mechanisms of fracture in the early 1930's,Professor Orowan has been one of the principal contributors to the field of physics of plasticity and strength. During the past 10 to 15 years, the perfection of many direct experimental methods has caused a great increase of activity in the elucidation of the effects of dislocations on mechanical and physical properties. Equally intensive activity is taking place in the field of physics and mechanics of fracture processes. Professor Ali Argon felt that the retirement of Professor Orowan from the M.I.T. faculty was an appropriate occasion to take stock of the developments in the immediate past and to produce a needed synthesis of this technologically important field. For this purpose he invited 37 of the world's leading figures in the field to contribute theoretical papers of original work. The 17 papers on the Physics of Plasticity fall into two categories: (1) Individual Dislocations and Basic Deformation Mechanisms, and (2) Hardening Mechanisms and Dislocation Dynamics. The 10 papers on the Physics of Strength concentrate on (1) Cracks and Fracture, and (2) Geology.

This book serves as a core text for university curricula in solid body mechanics and, at the same time, examines the main achievements of state of the art research in the mechanics of elastic and non-elastic materials. This latter goal of the book is achieved through rich bibliographic references, many from the authors’ own work. authors. Distinct from similar texts, there are no claims in this volume to a single universal theory of plasticity. However, solutions are given to some new problems and to the construction of models useful both in pedagogic terms for students and practical terms for professional design engineers. Examples include the authors’ decisions about the Brazilian test, stability of rock exposure, and pile foundations. Designed for both upper-level university students and specialists in the mechanics of deformable hard body, the material in this book serves as a source for numerous topics of course and diploma concentration.

This book introduces the physical mechanism of the plastic deformation of solids, which relies essentially on the occurence and motion of dislocations. These are linear defects, specific of crystalline solids whose motion under external stresses explains the relative ease by which solids (metals in particular) can be deformed in order to give them desired shapes. The objective is to introduce the topic to undergraduate students, restricting to the main ideas and showing their relevance in interpreting phenomena well known to everyone (e.g. why are certain metals harder than others?), and finally training the students in the practice of calculating the simplest properties of dislocations.

Atomistic and Continuum Modeling of Nanocrystalline Materials develops a complete and rigorous state-of-the-art analysis of the modeling of the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline (NC) materials. Among other key topics, the material focuses on the novel techniques used to predict the behavior of nanocrystalline materials. Particular attention is given to recent theoretical and computational frameworks combining atomistic and continuum approaches. Also, the most relevant deformation mechanisms governing the response of nanocrystalline materials are addressed and discussed in correlation with available experimental data.

This volume contains reviews on state-of-the-art Japanese research presented in the annual Spring and Autumn meetings of the Japanese Polymer Science Society. The aim of this section is to make information on the progress of Japanese Polymer Science, and on topics of current interest to polymer scientists in Japan, more easily available worldwide.