Planning Designing And Implementing Policies To Control Ozone Depleting Substances Under The Montreal Protocol

As of March 2003 nearly every government in the world - 184 - has ratified the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer treaty and become party to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that depletes the Ozone Layer. This handbook is a guide for decision makers in developing countries to design effective policies to enable them to meet their obligations under the Montreal Protocol. Experience has shown that a strong national policy framework is necessary for the sustained permaneent reduction and phase-out of ODSs for which this handbook provides the guidance for planning, desgning and implementing of such policy frameworks at the national level.

Provides step-by-step guidance on fulfilling the annual reporting requirements under the latest amendments to the 1987 Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances (ODS). Data are intended particularly as a tool for securing assistance by developing nations, as well as aiding decision makers in all participant countries devise realistic control/phase-out strategies. Includes the required forms; approved destruction processes; a summary chart of the ozone-depleting potential of the major ODS; information on the status of Protocol ratification and identification of non-parties, and data reporting discrepancies. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

This handbook contains the full texts of the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, including amendments and decisions adopted by the Parties upto the end of the year 2002, as well as information on the rule of procedure for meetings, the evolution of the Montreal Protocol, and on sources of further information.

Hailed in the Foreign Service Journal as a landmark book that should command the attention of every serious student of American diplomacy, international environmental issues, or the art of negotiation, and cited in Nature for its worthwhile insights on the harnessing of science and diplomacy, the first edition of Ozone Diplomacy offered an insider's view of the politics, economics, science, and diplomacy involved in creating the precedent-setting treaty to protect the Earth: the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. The first edition ended with a discussion of the revisions to the protocol in 1990 and offered lessons for global diplomacy regarding the then just-maturing climate change issue. Now Richard Benedick--a principal architect and the chief U.S. negotiator of the historic treaty--expands the ozone story, bringing us to the eve of the tenth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol. He describes subsequent negotiations to deal with unexpected major scientific discoveries and important amendments adding new chemicals and accelerating the phaseout schedules. Implementing the revised treaty has forced the protocol's signatories to confront complex economic and political problems, including North-South financial and technology transfer issues, black markets for banned CFCs, revisionism, and industry's willingness and ability to develop new technologies and innovative substitutes. In his final chapter Benedick offers a new analysis applying the lessons of the ozone experience to ongoing climate change negotiations. Ozone Diplomacy has frequently been cited as the definitive book on the most successful environment treaty, and is essential reading for those concerned about the future of our planet.

A balanced assessment based on currently available scientific knowledge of the effects that climate change may have on the environment in Europe and the health of its populations. Written in non-technical language the book responds to growing public and political concern about the consequences of such widely publicized phenomena as global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. The book also responds to evidence that recent warming trends in Europe have already affected health. The book opens with a brief explanation of the causes of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion followed by an overview of recent European and global initiatives aimed at monitoring trends and assessing their impact on health. The first main chapter on climate change in Europe summarizes currently documented trends and provides a scenario of possible changes throughout the rest of this century. The second and most extensive chapter reviews scientific evidence on specific health consequences. These include effects related to increased episodes of thermal stress and air pollution; changes in foodborne water-related vector-borne and rodent-borne diseases; mortality from floods and other weather extremes; and changes in the production of aeroallergens associated with respiratory disorders including asthma. Chapter three considers health effects linked to stratospheric ozone depletion giving particular attention to adverse effects on the eye and immune system and skin cancer. The remaining chapters discuss health effects expected in the next decade and outline actions urgently needed in the areas of policy monitoring and surveillance and research.

Evaluates the frameworks established in various countries to finance the incremental costs of phasing out ozone-depleting substances. The Multilateral Fund and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) were established to assist developing countries in financing the incremental costs of phasing out ozone-depleting substances. Both the Fund and the GEF require a strategic framework for the activities they finance to demonstrate that overall phaseout of these substances will be accomplished. The framework, known as the "country program," establishes a national strategy and program of proposed activities. This paper describes the country programs in general and reviews the work and results of key analysts who carried out these programs in the former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, India, Jordan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, and Zimbabwe.