Power Supplies For Led Drivers

Power Supplies for LED Driving, Second Edition explores the wide use of light-emitting diodes due to their efficient use of power. The applications for power LEDs include traffic lights, street lamps, automotive lighting, architectural lights, theatre lighting, household light replacements, signage lighting (replacing neon strip lights and fluorescent tubes), LCD display backlighting, and many more. Powering (driving) these LED's is not always simple. Linear driving is inefficient and generates far too much heat. With a switching supply, the main issues are EMI, efficiency, and of course cost. This book covers the design trade-offs involved in LED driving applications, from low-power, to UB-LEDs and beyond. Provides a practical, hands-on approach to power supply design for LED drivers Contains detailed examples of what works throughout the design process Presents commentary on how the calculated component value compares with the actual value used, including a description of why the choice was made

In the past four years we have witnessed rapid development in technology and significant market penetration in many applications for LED systems. New processes and new materials have been introduced; new standards and new testing methods have been developed; new driver, control and sensing technologies have been integrated; and new and unknown failure modes have also been presented. In this book, Solid State Lighting Reliability Part 2, we invited the experts from industry and academia to present the latest developments and findings in the LED system reliability arena. Topics in this book cover the early failures and critical steps in LED manufacturing; advances in reliability testing and standards; quality of colour and colour stability; degradation of optical materials and the associated chromaticity maintenance; characterization of thermal interfaces; LED solder joint testing and prediction; common failure modes in LED drivers; root causes for lumen depreciation; corrosion sensitivity of LED packages; reliability management for automotive LEDs, and lightning effects on LEDs. This book is a continuation of Solid State Lighting Reliability: Components to Systems (published in 2013), which covers reliability aspects ranging from the LED to the total luminaire or system of luminaires. Together, these two books are a full set of reference books for Solid State Lighting reliability from the performance of the (sub-) components to the total system, regardless its complexity.

The book is organized in four chapters. Chapter 1 deals with an introduction to light and lighting. As a power electronics engineer working on LEDs and lighting systems in general, I think it is important for the reader to have the basic knowledge about lighting systems, which I have tried to summarize in this chapter. Because of the extremely interesting possibilities of LEDs to generate different light colors, Chapter 1 includes a section related to the understanding of color quantification and measurement in different color spaces. The Chapter also includes several examples on light and color calculations.In order to develop and implement a suitable LED driver, it is necessary to have a good knowledge about LED behavior and characteristics. Thus, Chapter 2 aims at providing the reader with the most important issues related to LED operation and modeling from a practical point of view. The most common LED structures and materials are presented in this chapter together with the most relevant electrical, thermal and optical characteristics, making special emphasis on those characteristics provided by LED manufacturers in their datasheets. Special sections are dedicated to light dimming and color mixing. The chapter is closed with a brief review of organic LED (OLED) technology, which is another promising LED technology nowadays.Chapter 3 is devoted to DC LED drivers, which are those LED drivers intended to supply the LED from a DC voltage source, like a battery or a DC bus. This chapter covers the three most relevant technologies that are being used to implement DC LED drivers at the present time, which are those based on linear regulators, switched capacitor regulators and switching regulators. The most relevant solutions to implement DC LED drivers are reviewed from a practical point of view. The chapter also reviews the most common control methods applied to DC LED drivers. Examples are included by means of computer simulations based on LTspice, which is a free but powerful SPICE-based simulation software developed by former Linear Technologies Company, now part of Analog Devices. The chapter ends with a section devoted to LED configurations, namely, series, parallel and matrix configurations, which are employed to implement high-power LED lamps.Finally, Chapter 4 is dedicated to off-line LED drivers. This is the denomination given to LED drivers that are intended to operate from an AC grid voltage. These are the most complicated LED drivers since they usually require the implementation of a front-end power-factor-correction (PFC) stage followed by a downstream DC-DC converter to adapt voltage levels and provide regulated current to the LED lamp. The most important standards and regulations related to this type of LED drivers are presented at the beginning of the chapter. Then, single-stage LED drivers are studied, which can be used as a stand-alone off-line LED driver or as a first stage in a two-stage off-line LED driver. The highly-relevant problem of requiring a large storage capacitance in single-stage off-line LED drivers to cope with the double-line-frequency pulsating power originated from line voltage rectification is addressed in this chapter. Finally, integrated two-stage off-line LED drivers are presented and studied as a solution to reduce the storage capacitance of off-line LED drivers, aiming at using high-reliability film-capacitors instead of less reliable electrolytic capacitors. LTspice simulation examples are also provided in this chapter to allow the reader to have a better idea about the design and operation of this type of LED drivers.

Design Note Collection, the third book in the Analog Circuit Design series, is a comprehensive volume of applied circuit design solutions, providing elegant and practical design techniques. Design Notes in this volume are focused circuit explanations, easily applied in your own designs. This book includes an extensive power management section, covering switching regulator design, linear regulator design, microprocessor power design, battery management, powering LED lighting, automotive and industrial power design. Other sections span a range of analog design topics, including data conversion, data acquisition, communications interface design, operational amplifier design techniques, filter design, and wireless, RF, communications and network design. Whatever your application -industrial, medical, security, embedded systems, instrumentation, automotive, communications infrastructure, satellite and radar, computers or networking; this book will provide practical design techniques, developed by experts for tackling the challenges of power management, data conversion, signal conditioning and wireless/RF analog circuit design. A rich collection of applied analog circuit design solutions for use in your own designs. Each Design Note is presented in a concise, two-page format, making it easy to read and assimilate. Contributions from the leading lights in analog design, including Bob Dobkin, Jim Williams, George Erdi and Carl Nelson, among others. Extensive sections covering power management, data conversion, signal conditioning, and wireless/RF.

In this book, 20 papers focused on different fields of power electronics are gathered. Approximately half of the papers are focused on different control issues and techniques, ranging from the computer-aided design of digital compensators to more specific approaches such as fuzzy or sliding control techniques. The rest of the papers are focused on the design of novel topologies. The fields in which these controls and topologies are applied are varied: MMCs, photovoltaic systems, supercapacitors and traction systems, LEDs, wireless power transfer, etc.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering Computing and Control (PECCON) 2019. This volume focuses on the different renewable energy sources which are integrated in a smart grid and their operation both in the grid connected mode and islanded mode. The contents highlight the role of power converters in the smart grid environment, battery management, electric vehicular technology and electric charging station as a load for the power network. This book can be useful for beginners, researchers as well as professionals interested in the area of smart grid technology.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the International Conference in Power, Energy, Control, Signals and Systems (IPECS) 2022. The book focuses on intelligent solutions for smart grids and smart cities. The content of this book is designed to develop many innovative ideas for an energy-efficient and sustainable future. It focuses on recent technological advances and challenges in the field of grid integration of renewable energy resources, AI/ML in power and energy systems, security enhancement of power systems/electronics using advanced ML techniques for integration of renewable energies, electric vehicle-energy storage, and battery charging technologies, etc. The book also covers the latest advances especially in instrumentation and control in smart grid applications —Internet of Things and cyber-physical systems, power semiconductor device technology leading to improvements in power losses for power electronic systems, economic and sustainable design of smart cities-security and data privacy in smart cities, lighting, and illumination. This book proves to be a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

This book aims to provide a comprehensive reference into the critical subject of failure and degradation in organic materials, used in optoelectronics and microelectronics systems and devices. Readers in different industrial sectors, including microelectronics, automotive, lighting, oil/gas, and petrochemical will benefit from this book. Several case studies and examples are discussed, which readers will find useful to assess and mitigate similar failure cases. More importantly, this book presents methodologies and useful approaches in analyzing a failure and in relating a failure to the reliability of materials and systems.