Production And Utilization Of Fish Silage

This guide explains how to transform fish waste into feed for livestock or fertilizer for crops by using fish silage technology. It discusses the fundamentals of fish silage production as well as equipment needed, storage and useful applications

A significant amount of fish by-products is produced during fish processing. These by-products represent 20–80 percent of the fish and provide a good source of macro- and micronutrients. Yet they often go unutilized, when they can easily be converted into a variety of products including fishmeal and oil, fish hydrolysates, fish collagen, fish sauce, fish biodiesel and fish leather. The production of fish silage using organic acid is a good example of the simple and inexpensive conversion processes which can be employed. Fish silage production uses minced by-products or minced whole fish unsuitable for human consumption as raw material, before adding a preservative to stabilize the mixture – usually an organic acid such as formic acid. The process breaks down protein into free amino acids and small-chain peptides which have nutritional and antimicrobial properties, therefore, the fish silage can be used as healthy feed and fertilizer.The feasibility studies on fish waste management in Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand outline existing good practices on the utilization of by-products and fish waste. Furthermore, the insights provided on the potential production and utilization of fish silage in each country are promising in terms of increasing the productivity of the fisheries sector, reducing post-harvest waste, increasing economic value and improving environment sustainability.

It is estimated that per year in Barbados, 585 tonnes of fish waste are generated at the two main public fish markets, and 936 tonnes of waste are generated at private fish processors across the island. Therefore, Barbados produces an aggregate of 1 521 tonnes of fish waste annually. At present, approximately 90 percent of fish waste and by-products are discarded at the landfill. To produce fish silage on a large scale in Barbados the baseline cost (based on a 90 percent yield rate) is estimated to be USD 265 920, excluding the cost of fish waste and acids. Sales revenues based on competitor prices range from USD 528 485 to USD 2 044 900. During the fish silage demonstration workshop held from 23 to 26 July 2019 in Bridgetown, the cost of small-scale production (100 kg) was estimated to be USD 900 and USD 254 when using the chemical and biological methods, respectively. The existing regulatory framework has the potential to facilitate the production and utilization of fish silage. However, clearance and permission may have to be institutionalized in order for fish silage to be produced and utilized in, and or as, animal feed. These conclusive findings subsequently prompted FAO to engage in a partnership with the Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute (CARDI), to develop the silage-based feeds and document their effects on the growth performance of select animals.

The fish processing industry is still far from the levels of scientific and technological development that characterize other food processing oper ations. It has also been slow in finding uses for by-products and processing wastes, compared with the meat and poultry industries. The utilization of fisheries by-products or wastes constitutes an area in which the application of modern techniques could potentially improve profitability. At present, increased attention is being focused on the application of new biotechnological methods to operations related to the seafood industry, with the objective of increasing its general efficiency. Because fish processing operations are commonly carried out in the vicinity of the sea, most of the resulting fish wastes have been disposed of by returning them to it. Pollution control measures and a better understanding of the valuable composition of the products extracted from the sea are expected to encourage their recovery and the develop ment of new products from them. In the past, fisheries wastes and species not used for food have been generally utilized through techno logical processes with a low level of sophistication, such as those for the production of animal feed and fertilizer. Limited economic success has accompanied the application of physi cal and chemical processes for the recovery of non-utilized fisheries biomass and for the production of quality products from them.

This publication is a practical manual that will guide the reader through the main principles of producing fish silage by fermentation and explain each step of the fermentation process needed to successfully become a fish silage producer. [Author] Fish, including shellfish, are highly nutritious and in much demand all over the world. [Author] However, fish processing by-products, in particular viscera (guts), are highly perishable. [Author] If not preserved or processed within a relatively short time after harvest, they may deteriorate rapidly making them unfit for human consumption or other uses. [Author] In many cases, processing leads to the removal of significant parts of the fish, such as the viscera, head, belly flaps and backbone. [Author] Depending on the species, these parts may represent between 30 percent and 70 percent of the fish. [Author] Some parts, such as gonads, belly flaps and backbones, may be used directly for human consumption, but most of the by-products of fish processing have traditionally been wasted, leading to negative environmental impacts, or they have been used in fresh form as feed for livestock or as fertilizers. [Author]

The shortage of marine resources calls for the implementation of new technological processes for providing a better utilization of waste and by-products from fisheries and fish processing activities. Most of these by-products are currently used as raw materials for animal feed. It is estimated that their utilization in human foodstuffs, nutraceutic

Sustainable Fish Production and Processing is a unique resource that bridges the gap between academia and industry by analyzing new, state-of-the-art fish production, processing and waste management. The book explores general valorization methods, focusing on the extraction of high added-value compounds and their reutilization in different fields of the food and nutraceuticals industry. Sections take a comprehensive approach to understanding the most recent advances in the field, while also analyzing the potentiality and sustainability of already commercialized processes and products. This resource could be utilized as a handbook for anyone dealing with sustainability issues within the fish industry.Emphasis of fish production is given to food security issues, large marine ecosystems, aquaculture genomics, epigenetics and breeding, proteomics for quality and safety in fishery products, post-harvest practices in small scale fisheries, and lifecycle impact of industrial aquaculture systems. Emphasis of fish processing and by-products is given to industrial thawing of fish blocks, sources and functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates, recovery technologies and applications, potential biomedical applications, ready-to-eat products, fish waste for bacterial protease production, fish waste for feeding as well as lipid extraction from fish processing for biofuels. Covers recent advances in the field of fish production and processing over the last decade, following sustainability principles Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of relevant processes from various perspectives to improve sustainability Offers practical success stories and solutions to ensure the sustainable management of fish processing by-products

Feed represents the single greatest expense associated with bringing pigs to market weight. Therefore, if you can reduce the cost of feeding without detriment to pig performance, the economics of swine production will improve. The ingredient list for swine rations has become fairly limited, and the majority of diets fed to pigs consist of a few staples, such as corn, wheat, barley, and soybean meal. Non-Traditional Feeds for Use in Swine Production explores over fifty non-traditional feedstuffs in terms of their nutritional content and their viability as alternative, cost effective food sources