Progress In Layered Double Hydroxides From Synthesis To New Applications

Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) are two-dimensional materials with unique physiochemical properties, which enable their use in a wide range of applications such as catalysis, biomaterials, energy, filler of polymeric composites, and water remediation.This book addresses basic aspects of LDH as the implementations in the methodologies based on density functional theory (DFT) to understand the properties and applications of LDHs, the synthetic methods to prepare LDHs and LDH based core-shell structures, and the swelling and exfoliation behaviors of LDH compounds. A relevant part of the book is devoted to consolidated and emerging applications of LDHs as catalysts in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and water oxidation processes, as biomaterials and as functional fillers in food packaging. New advances on LDH are described with a keen eye on the past research.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or hydrotalcites are inorganic clay materials with many promising properties. LDHs are a family of natural and synthetic compounds having the general formula [M(II) 1-x M(III)x (OH)2 ](Yn-))x/n * yH2O, where M(II) and M(III) represent divalent and trivalent metal ions, respectively, and Yn- is the anion between the layers. They consist structurally of brucite-like [Mg(OH)2] layers, with a net positive charge due to partial substitution of M(II) by M(III). This positive charge is balanced by the anionic interlayer anion. Over the past few years, an increasing interest has been directed to the use of these clays as host materials, anion exchangers, delivery carriers and additives for polymers in order to create potential products with desirable physical and chemical properties. From the many significant research achievements and the many potential practical applications, it is assumed that the prospects for LDHs and their composites with the different organic and bioactive materials are very bright indeed and still more remains to be done in order to exploit completely their potential applications. In this book, we focus on the progress of the development of LDHs and their derivatives, including the synthetic techniques, the nanocomposite preparation routes, the factors affecting the physicochemical properties and how these properties affect the nanoparticle structure and the host-guest process. Furthermore, we summarize the current LDH potential applications and the possible future trends in agricultural, biological and medical researches e.g. the role of LDHs as reinforcements, as catalysts and catalyst supports in the field of catalysis, as a carrier in drug delivery and as host for a safe preservation of the bioactive material.

Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) certainly do not represent a newcomer to the scientific community, yet they continue to attract a strong and general interest among a vast and multifaceted range of researchers. This persistent modernity is definitely due to some peculiar characteristics of these materials, which allow researchers and engineers to play with different aspects of two worlds: organic and inorganic, crystalline and molecular, solid and liquid, cationic and anionic. A virtually infinite number of possible chemical combinations takes advantage of their layered structure to express an unrivaled collection of remarkable properties. The capture and/or release of organic and inorganic species, versatile low-cost catalytic activity, and blending with other compounds to build up a variety of hybrid composites, are just some of the many effects investigated to date. As a result, the applications encompass almost all aspects of our life, ranging from renewable energy production to water purification, including biomedical applications, gas sensing, drug delivery, and food packaging and safety. This Special Issue highlights some of the recent research lines, and shows that remarkable progress has been and is still being made in all these aspects, to allow the consideration of LDHs as one of the most interesting and versatile inorganic materials.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are clay-type materials with extraordinary properties, whose structure is composed of stacked inorganic metal oxide layers built by connected sheets. The crystal structure of layered double hydroxides is based on positive charged brucite-like mainlayers and balanced by reversible exchangeable interlayer anions, additional cations and water molecules. Due to their negligible toxicity and buffering properties, LDHs are commercially employed as antacids and they are increasingly studied as vehicles in drug and gene delivery systems. This book discusses the synthesis, characterization and applications of layered double hydroxides.

Nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have recently become a formidable research area due to their amendable properties and potential applications. The distinct properties of LDH polymer nanocomposites include a wide range of chemical compositions, structural homogeneity, unique anion exchanging ability, easy synthesis, high bound water content, memory effect, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. This means that LDH polymer nanocomposites have the potential for new and innovative applications. Layered Double Hydroxide Polymer Nanocomposites presents a comprehensive overview of the recent innovative advances in the fabrication, characterization and applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites. As well as covering fundamental structural and chemical knowledge, this book also explores various properties and characterization techniques including microscopic, spectroscopic and mechanical behaviors. There is also a strong focus on the potential applications of LDH polymer nanocomposites, such as energy, electrical and electronic, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical, agricultural, food packaging and water purification functions. This book provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research in the field of LDH polymer nanocomposites and their future applications. This book will be an essential read for all academics, researchers, engineers and students working in this area. Fundamental knowledge of LDH polymer nanocomposites, including chemical composition, structural features and fabrication techniques Provides an analytical overview of the different types of characterization techniques and technologies Extensive review on cutting-edge research for potential future applications, in a variety of industries

Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Composites: Processing, Properties and Applications begins by discussing the current state-of-the-art, new challenges and opportunities for various biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composite systems. Interfacial characterization of composites and the structure-property relationships in various composite systems are explained in detail via a theoretical model. Processing techniques for various macro and nanocomposite systems and the influence of processing parameters on properties of the composite are also reviewed in detail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic, visco-elastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, rheological, optical, and electrical properties are highlighted, as are a broad range of applications. The book is a useful reference resource for both researchers and engineers working in composites materials science, biotechnology and nanotechnology, and is also useful for students attending chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering courses. Presents recent outcomes and highlights the going importance of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composites and their impact on the environment Analyzes all the main processing techniques, characterization and applications of biodegradable composites Written by leading international experts working in the field of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composites Covers a broad range of application fields, including medical and pharmaceutical, agricultural, packaging and transport

Clay Minerals and Synthetic Analogous as Emulsifiers of Pickering Emulsions begins with basic concepts of Pickering emulsions, describes the thermodynamic, kinetic and gravitational stability, the methods of preparation, and the most common characterization techniques. Next, the book presents detailed structure, properties, and physical-chemical modifications of natural and synthetic layered minerals to optimize its properties. Figures and schemes are prepared for experts in the area as well as the undergraduate and graduate students from many different research areas where clay minerals, synthetic layered materials and Pickering emulsion have potential applications. Clay Minerals and Synthetic Analogous as Emulsifiers of Pickering Emulsions fills a gap in the literature, stimulates the aggregation of value of clay minerals, and shows the readers the methods of preparation, characterization, and applications of Pickering emulsions stabilized with layered materials, giving special attention to clay minerals. Fills a gap in the literature with multidisciplinary coverage of Pickering Emulsions Presents methods of preparation, characterization, and applications of Pickering emulsions for clay minerals Includes contributions from top experts in the relevant fields