Progress In River Engineering And Hydraulic Structures

Water is the essential element that all life-forms on our planet are dependent on. It is impossible to assess its value because it is equal to the life itself. Humans realized this fact long time ago and they always endeavored to control and manage water resources as they were afflicted by the drought and flood events throughout history. Therefore, the engineering of water resources and hydraulic structures is as old as the human civilization. The earliest known engineered irrigation system was developed in ancient Mesopotamia (Iraq); an advanced system of dikes, dams and canals was built for the purpose of irrigation and flood control. The main water sources for this system were the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. During plant growing seasons, the flow of water was properly regulated. Each farmer was allowed a certain amount of water, which was diverted from the canal into an irrigation ditch. The oldest known engineering plan of such an irrigation system has been documented on some unique and ancient clay tablet which has been discovered in Babylonia (belonging to 1684-1647 BC). It shows a map of canals with cuneiform scripts providing details about names, lengths, widths and depths of the canals and the volume of sediment to be dredged. Mesopotamians have acquired the expertise of maintaining their irrigation system over thousands of years. This contribution was a major step toward the modernization of humanity. The Water Research Center (located in Iraq), which is dedicated to the exchange of knowledge and technology in the water sector, has been inspired by those ancient engineers, hence published this book series entitled "Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures". It is intended to be a worldwide platform for the contemporary research in this field. Chapters of this series demonstrate the stringent need for new solutions and technologies in the subject of river engineering and hydraulic structures. The chapters cover a wide range of problems related to river regime and training works, performance of different kinds of hydraulic structures and any related multidisciplinary research. We believe that through the collaboration of researchers, engineers and professionals, we can accelerate the development in these areas. The book is aimed to serve as a reference for both researchers and postgraduate students.

Water is the essential element that all life-forms on our planet are dependent on. It is impossible to assess its value because it is equal to the life itself. Humans realized this fact long time ago and they always endeavored to control and manage water resources as they were afflicted by the drought and flood events throughout history. Therefore, the engineering of water resources and hydraulic structures is as old as the human civilization. The earliest known engineered irrigation system was developed in ancient Mesopotamia (Iraq); an advanced system of dikes, dams and canals was built for the purpose of irrigation and flood control. The main water sources for this system were the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. During plant growing seasons, the flow of water was properly regulated. Each farmer was allowed a certain amount of water, which was diverted from the canal into an irrigation ditch. The oldest known engineering plan of such an irrigation system has been documented on some unique and ancient clay tablet which has been discovered in Babylonia (belonging to 1684-1647 BC). It shows a map of canals with cuneiform scripts providing details about names, lengths, widths and depths of the canals and the volume of sediment to be dredged. Mesopotamians have acquired the expertise of maintaining their irrigation system over thousands of years. This contribution was a major step toward the modernization of humanity. The Water Research Center (located in Iraq), which is dedicated to the exchange of knowledge and technology in the water sector, has been inspired by those ancient engineers, hence published this book series entitled "Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures". It is intended to be a worldwide platform for the contemporary research in this field. Chapters of this series demonstrate the stringent need for new solutions and technologies in the subject of river engineering and hydraulic structures. The chapters cover a wide range of problems related to river regime and training works, performance of different kinds of hydraulic structures and any related multidisciplinary research. We believe that through the collaboration of researchers, engineers and professionals, we can accelerate the development in these areas. The book is aimed to serve as a reference for both researchers and postgraduate students.

A sub-discipline of civil engineering that is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids like water and sewage is known as hydraulic engineering. The force driving the movement of these fluids is the force of gravity. The principles of physical modeling, open channel hydraulics, mechanics of sediment transportation, fluid mechanics, hydrology, etc. are integral to the field of hydraulic engineering. This area of study is vital to the designing of dams, canals, bridges, channels and levees. It is also useful in the construction of hydraulic structures for sewage collection networks, water distribution networks, storm water management, sediment transport, etc. Developing strategies for the control, storage, transport, collection, regulation and use of water is an important dimension of hydraulic engineering. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to hydraulic engineering. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of hydraulic engineering.

Hydraulic engineering of dams and their appurtenant structures counts among the essential tasks to successfully design safe water-retaining reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, flood retention, and irrigation and water supply demands. In view of climate change, especially dams and reservoirs, among other water infrastructure, will and have to play an even more important role than in the past as part of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures to satisfy vital needs in water supply, renewable energy and food worldwide as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. This book deals with the major hydraulic aspects of dam engineering considering recent developments in research and construction, namely overflow, conveyance and dissipations structures of spillways, river diversion facilities during construction, bottom and low-level outlets as well as intake structures. Furthermore, the book covers reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves and dambreak waves, which are relevant topics in view of sustainable and safe operation of reservoirs. The book is richly illustrated with photographs, highlighting the various appurtenant structures of dams addressed in the book chapters, as well as figures and diagrams showing important relations among the governing parameters of a certain phenomenon. An extensive literature review along with an updated bibliography complete this book.

Hydraulic Structure, Equipment and Water Data Acquisition Systems is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Hydraulic structures occupied a vital role in the development of civilization from the earliest recorded history up to the present, and undoubtedly will do so in the future. Humanity in ancient times settled mostly near perennial rivers, nomadic people frequented oases and springs, and to augment these natural ephemeral supplies, established societies built primitive dams and dug wells. This 4-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Hydraulic Structure, Equipment and Water Data Acquisition Systems. In these volumes the historical origins, modern developments, and future perspectives in the field of water supply engineering are discussed. Various types of hydraulic structures, their associated equipment, and the various systems for collecting data are described. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.

The Federal Highway Administration document "Highways in the River Environment - Hydraulic and Environmental Design Considerations" was first published in 1975, was revised in 1990, and is now issued as Hydraulic Design Series 6, "River Engineering for Highway Encroachments." This document has proven to be a singularly authoritative document for the design of highway associated hydraulic structures in moveable boundary waterways. This revised document incorporates many technical advances that have been made in this discipline since 1990. In addition, Hydraulic Engineering Circulars (HEC) 18, 20, and 23, have been published since 1990. This document and the HECs provide detailed guidance on stream instability, scour, and appropriate countermeasures. In HDS-6, hydraulic problems at stream crossings are described in detail and the hydraulic principles of rigid and moveable boundary channels are discussed. In the United States, the average annual damage related to hydraulic problems at highway facilities on the Federal-aid system is $40 million. Damages by streams can be reduced significantly by considering channel stability. The types of river changes to be carefully considered relate to: (1) lateral bank erosion; (2) degradation and aggradation of the streambed that continues over a period of years, and (3) natural short-term fluctuations of streambed elevation that are usually associated with the passage of floods. The major topics are: sediment transport, natural and human induced causes of waterway response, stream stabilization (bed and banks), hydraulic modeling and computer applications, and countermeasures. Case histories of typical human and natural impacts on waterways are analyzed.

Hydraulic research is developing beyond traditional civil engineering to satisfy increasing demands in natural hazards, structural safety assessment and environmental research. Hydraulic Engineering V contains 40 technical papers from the 5th International Technical Conference on Hydraulic Engineering (CHE 2017), held in Shanghai (China) 15—17 December 2017. The conference served as a major forum to promote technological progress and activities, technical transfer and cooperation, and opportunities for engineers and researchers to maintain and improve scientific and technical competence in the field of hydraulic engineering, environment and safety engineering, and other related fields. The selected papers mainly focus on theory and technologies related to hydraulic engineering, ecological structures in hydraulic engineering, stability and risk of hydraulic structures, estuary improvement and shoreline restoration, river engineering and sediment transport, dredging technology and equipment, flood hazards and innovative control measures, complex flow modelling, environmental hydraulics and hydrology, water purification, wastewater treatment, and geotechnical aspects in hydraulic engineering. Hydraulic Engineering V will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Engineering.