Protectors And Predators

Written by one of the leading scholars of Japanese religion, Protectors and Predators is the second installment of a multivolume project that promises to be a milestone in our understanding of the mythico-ritual system of esoteric Buddhism—specifically the nature and roles of deities in the religious world of medieval Japan and beyond. Bernard Faure introduces readers to medieval Japanese religiosity and shows the centrality of the gods in religious discourse and ritual. Throughout he engages theoretical insights drawn from structuralism, post-structuralism, and Actor-Network Theory to retrieve the “implicit pantheon” (as opposed to the “explicit orthodox pantheon”) of esoteric Japanese Buddhism (Mikkyō). His work is particularly significant given its focus on the deities’ multiple and shifting representations, overlappings, and modes of actions rather than on individual characters and functions. In Protectors and Predators Faure argues that the “wild” gods of Japan were at the center of the medieval religious landscape and came together in complex webs of association not divisible into the categories of “Buddhist,” “indigenous,” or “Shinto.” Furthermore, among the most important medieval gods, certain ones had roots in Hinduism, others in Daoism and Yin-Yang thought. He displays vast knowledge of his subject and presents his research—much of it in largely unstudied material—with theoretical sophistication. His arguments and analyses assume the centrality of the iconographic record as a complement to the textual record, and so he has brought together a rich and rare collection of more than 170 color and black-and-white images. This emphasis on iconography and the ways in which it complements, supplements, or deconstructs textual orthodoxy is critical to a fuller comprehension of a set of medieval Japanese beliefs and practices and offers a corrective to the traditional division of the field into religious studies, which typically ignores the images, and art history, which oftentimes overlooks their ritual and religious meaning. Protectors and Predators and its companion volumes should persuade readers that the gods constituted a central part of medieval Japanese religion and that the latter cannot be reduced to a simplistic confrontation, parallelism, or complementarity between some monolithic teachings known as “Buddhism” and “Shinto.” Once these reductionist labels and categories are discarded, a new and fascinating religious landscape begins to unfold.

The prevalence of sexual predation in the Orthodox Jewish community has traditionally been to not report to secular authorities. The pejorative term applied to one who violates this norm and informs authorities of pedophilia and criminally aberrant activity is 'mosur.' This term is applied with harsh denigration. From a Jewish legal point of view, the mosur is subject to the death penalty by any Jew, anywhere Jews reside and applies in an extra-judicial manner, without prior review by any Jewish authority, and is applicable today. Rabbinic legal authorities determine that the life of the predator, and by extension, of the community, takes precedence over the victim regardless of the cost to the victim. In such a setting, the victim has no recourse. If s/he goes forward to report the abuse, the mosur charge will apply. Maintaining silence means not being able to access health professionals to ameliorate the violations that occurred, and the predator is thereby free to abuse others and to do so with impunity. The origins of this legal framework stem from Jews living in the Diaspora and is not mandated Biblically. This framework, I contend, is based on considerations of survival so the predator is protected and the community remains safe from anti-Semitic governments. Survival was deemed the highest priority regardless of the individual costs present. The flashpoint of this scandal took place in Australia with the establishment of the Australian Royal Commission to receive testimony on abuse of institutionalized children. Initially, aberrant acts against minors by Roman Catholic Church prelates, both Diocesan and Order were examined. The Commission also heard of Chabad rabbis who implemented the mosur mindset, to not report crimes of sexual abuse in their schools, while minimizing the effect such abuse had on the victims. Two specific cases are discussed, one in the United States and the second in Australia. In both instances, the accused escaped justice by going to Israel. The Australian case became an international cause célèbre when the Melbourne Jewish school that had employed her paid for and arranged details of the flight. It was only after years of delay and legal maneuvering, including charges of interference by a senior cabinet member, that the accused was finally extradited to Australia, now awaiting her criminal trial. The case in the United States reflects a similar escape, with the accused now residing in Israel. How did the mosur phenomenon come about? The book proposes a theory of the Doctrine of Temporary Residence as the basis for the law. Based on a Diaspora mindset, that framework no longer applies since justice in the free world is fair, impartial, and not anti-Semitic. The prohibition of not turning over a Jewish predator for criminal prosecution therefore no longer has validity. The new and recent phenomenon where communal leaders seem to advocate greater care and concern for the victim of these crimes is a refreshing development.

Written by one of the leading scholars of Japanese religion, Rage and Ravage is the third installment of a milestone project in our understanding of the mythico-ritual system of esoteric Buddhism—specifically the nature and roles of deities in the religious world of medieval Japan and beyond. Bernard Faure introduces readers to medieval Japanese religiosity and shows the centrality of the gods in religious discourse and ritual; in doing so he moves away from the usual textual, historical, and sociological approaches that constitute the “method” of current religious studies. Throughout, he engages theoretical insights drawn from structuralism, post-structuralism, and Actor-Network Theory to retrieve the “implicit pantheon” (as opposed to the “explicit orthodox pantheon”) of esoteric Japanese Buddhism (Mikkyō). In volumes one and two, The Fluid Pantheon and Protectors and Predators, Faure argued against a polarity or dichotomy between buddhas and kami by emphasizing the existence of deities that did not belong to either category, and he rejected the retrospective notion of “hybridity.” The present work makes a similar case about the reified distinction between gods and demons to show that, due to the fluid nature of the Japanese pantheon, these terms do not represent stable identities: Gods can become demons, and demons are sometimes deified. Divine protectors were often former predators, and in some instances they retained their predatory features even after being converted. After emphasizing the demonic aspects of devas as “gods or spirits of obstacles” in the earlier volumes, Faure now focuses on the deva-like or “divine” aspects of deities that have been described as “demonic.” Rage and Ravage and its companion volumes persuade readers that the gods constituted a central part of medieval Japanese religion and that the latter cannot be reduced to a simplistic confrontation, parallelism, or complementarity between some monolithic teachings known as “Buddhism” and “Shinto.” Once these reductionist labels and categories are discarded, a new and fascinating religious landscape begins to unfold.

In this first book-length study of imperial villages, Beat Kümin provides unprecedented insights into the micro-political cultures of rural communities and popular desires for local autonomy in the pre-modern German lands.

The Protectors is about a scientist whose name is Ryker Wayne. At a young age, Ryker's mom is diagnosed with cancer, and after a long battle, she succumbs to the effects and dies. Ryker is traumatized by this loss and swears to break the DNA code and cure cancer. At twelve years old, he enters Harvard Medical School and excels. His acumen is found in chemistry and genetics. Two scientists he befriends, Chen Koo and Anton Karpov, become compatriots with his desire to break the DNA code. Years later, he begins to publish articles explaining his plans to alter the DNA of predators so that the military can use them in clandestine operations. After successfully developing the program for the military, his true love emerges, and he wants to try this on humans. The book takes off from there into a world of nuclear destruction and post-Big Exchange life for those who survive. Upon this scene, Ryker's giant Protectors are introduced. He regulates the growth of boys five to seven years old and turns them into giants between fourteen and fifteen feet tall with all the capabilities to fight predators one-on-one and win.