Quantum Engineering With Quantum Optics

Despite initial set backs in the 1980s, the prospect for large scale integration of optical devices with high spatial-density and low energy consumption for information applications has grown steadily in the past decade. At the same time these advances have been made towards classical information processing with integrated optics, largely in an engineering context, a broad physics community has been pursuing quantum information processing platforms, with a heavy emphasis on optics-based networks. But despite these similarities, the two communities have exchanged models and techniques to a very limited degree. The aim of this thesis is to provide examples of the advantages of an engineering perspective to quantum information systems and quantum models to systems of interest in optical engineering, in both theory and experiment. I present various observations of ultra-low energy optical switching in a cavity quantum electrodynamical (cQED) system containing a single emitter. Although such devices are of interest to the engineering community, the dominant, classical optical models used in the field are incompatible with several photon, ultra-low energy devices like these that evince a discrete Hilbert space and are perturbed by quantum fluctuations. And in complement to this, I also propose a nanophotonic/cQED approach to building a self-correcting quantum memory, simply "powered" by cw laser beams and motivated by the conviction that for quantum engineering to be a viable paradigm, quantum devices will have to control themselves. Intuitive in its operation, this network represents a coherent feedback network in which error correction occurs entirely "on-chip, " without measurement, and is modeled using a flexible formalism that suggests a quantum generalization of electrical circuit theory.

Quantum Optics for Engineers provides a transparent and methodical introduction to quantum optics via the Dirac's bra–ket notation with an emphasis on practical applications and basic aspects of quantum mechanics such as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Schrodinger's equation. Self-contained and using mainly first-year calculus and algebra tools, the book: Illustrates the interferometric quantum origin of fundamental optical principles such as diffraction, refraction, and reflection Provides a transparent introduction, via Dirac's notation, to the probability amplitude of quantum entanglement Explains applications of the probability amplitude of quantum entanglement to optical communications, quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, and quantum computing. Quantum Optics for Engineers is succinct, transparent, and practical, revealing the intriguing world of quantum entanglement via many practical examples. Ample illustrations are used throughout its presentation and the theory is presented in a methodical, detailed approach.

Despite initial set backs in the 1980s, the prospect for large scale integration of optical devices with high spatial-density and low energy consumption for information applications has grown steadily in the past decade. At the same time these advances have been made towards classical information processing with integrated optics, largely in an engineering context, a broad physics community has been pursuing quantum information processing platforms, with a heavy emphasis on optics-based networks. But despite these similarities, the two communities have exchanged models and techniques to a very limited degree. The aim of this thesis is to provide examples of the advantages of an engineering perspective to quantum information systems and quantum models to systems of interest in optical engineering, in both theory and experiment. I present various observations of ultra-low energy optical switching in a cavity quantum electrodynamical (cQED) system containing a single emitter. Although such devices are of interest to the engineering community, the dominant, classical optical models used in the field are incompatible with several photon, ultra-low energy devices like these that evince a discrete Hilbert space and are perturbed by quantum fluctuations. And in complement to this, I also propose a nanophotonic/cQED approach to building a self-correcting quantum memory, simply "powered" by cw laser beams and motivated by the conviction that for quantum engineering to be a viable paradigm, quantum devices will have to control themselves. Intuitive in its operation, this network represents a coherent feedback network in which error correction occurs entirely "on-chip, " without measurement, and is modeled using a flexible formalism that suggests a quantum generalization of electrical circuit theory.

Quantum engineering – the design and fabrication of quantum coherent structures – has emerged as a field in physics with important potential applications. This book provides a self-contained presentation of the theoretical methods and experimental results in quantum engineering. The book covers topics such as the quantum theory of electric circuits, theoretical methods of quantum optics in application to solid state circuits, the quantum theory of noise, decoherence and measurements, Landauer formalism for quantum transport, the physics of weak superconductivity and the physics of two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterostructures. The theory is complemented by up-to-date experimental data to help put it into context. Aimed at graduate students in physics, the book will enable readers to start their own research and apply the theoretical methods and results to their current experimental situation.

This book develops the theoretical and experimental basis of quantum optics, i.e. the interaction of individual particles of light (photons) with matter, starting from elementary quantum theory. The self-contained exposition will be useful to graduate students in physics, engineering, chemistry, and senior undergraduates in physics.

Provides fully updated coverage of new experiments in quantum optics This fully revised and expanded edition of a well-established textbook on experiments on quantum optics covers new concepts, results, procedures, and developments in state-of-the-art experiments. It starts with the basic building blocks and ideas of quantum optics, then moves on to detailed procedures and new techniques for each experiment. Focusing on metrology, communications, and quantum logic, this new edition also places more emphasis on single photon technology and hybrid detection. In addition, it offers end-of-chapter summaries and full problem sets throughout. Beginning with an introduction to the subject, A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition presents readers with chapters on classical models of light, photons, quantum models of light, as well as basic optical components. It goes on to give readers full coverage of lasers and amplifiers, and examines numerous photodetection techniques being used today. Other chapters examine quantum noise, squeezing experiments, the application of squeezed light, and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The book finishes with a section on quantum information before summarizing of the contents and offering an outlook on the future of the field. -Provides all new updates to the field of quantum optics, covering the building blocks, models and concepts, latest results, detailed procedures, and modern experiments -Places emphasis on three major goals: metrology, communications, and quantum logic -Presents fundamental tests of quantum mechanics (Schrodinger Kitten, multimode entanglement, photon systems as quantum emulators), and introduces the density function -Includes new trends and technologies in quantum optics and photodetection, new results in sensing and metrology, and more coverage of quantum gates and logic, cluster states, waveguides for multimodes, discord and other quantum measures, and quantum control -Offers end of chapter summaries and problem sets as new features A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition is an ideal book for professionals, and graduate and upper level students in physics and engineering science.

The second edition of Quantum Optics for Engineers: Quantum Entanglement is an updated and extended version of its first edition. New features include a transparent interferometric derivation of the physics for quantum entanglement devoid of mysteries and paradoxes. It also provides a utilitarian matrix version of quantum entanglement apt for engineering applications. Features: Introduces quantum entanglement via the Dirac–Feynman interferometric principle, free of paradoxes. Provides a practical matrix version of quantum entanglement which is highly utilitarian and useful for engineers. Focuses on the physics relevant to quantum entanglement and is coherently and consistently presented via Dirac’s notation. Illustrates the interferometric quantum origin of fundamental optical principles such as diffraction, refraction, and reflection. Emphasizes mathematical transparency and extends on a pragmatic interpretation of quantum mechanics. This book is written for advanced physics and engineering students, practicing engineers, and scientists seeking a workable-practical introduction to quantum optics and quantum entanglement.

This established textbook provides an accessible but comprehensive introduction to the quantum nature of light and its interaction with matter. The field of quantum optics is covered with clarity and depth, from the underlying theoretical framework of field quantization, atom–field interactions, and quantum coherence theory, to important and modern applications at the forefront of current research such as quantum interferometry, squeezed light, quantum entanglement, cavity quantum electrodynamics, laser-cooled trapped ions, and quantum information processing. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and would be an ideal main text for a course on quantum optics. This long-awaited second edition builds upon the success of the first edition, including many new developments in the field, particularly in the area of quantum state engineering. Additional homework problems have been added, and content from the first edition has been updated and clarified throughout.