Quaternary Stratigraphy And Geomorphology Of Charlie Lake Map Area British Columbia

This report contains a detailed description of the unconsolidated sedimentary materials and landforms in the Smithers-Terrace-Prince Rupert region, and an account of the geological processes that have been active in shaping this area during late Quaternary time. The information in this report is vital to an understanding of the character and distribution of agriculatural soils, the nature of foundation conditions, the location and extent of construction aggregate and aquifers, and the nature of natural hazards in the region.

Unconsolidated sediments in the Fort. St. John area include a twice repeated succession of gravel overlain by sand, silt, and clay, and each of these in t urn be till of eastern origin. Both succession are interpreted as: (1) gravel laid down by Peace River during or at the close of interglacial (and preglacial?) intervals, (2) fine sediments laid down in lakes ponded in Peace River valley by ice advancing from the east, and (3) till laid down after ice reached Fort St. John area. The younger till [early Wisconsin (?)] is covered by sediments, chiefly clay, from a series of proglacial lakes, and by local postglacial deposits. The topography of the uplands reflects the form of the stream-eroded Cretaceous bedrock, modified slightly by glacial erosion and by the deposition of a thin mantle of till. Landform at intermediate levels is determined largely by sediments which were deposited in proglacial lakes both preceding and following the last glaciation from the east. Since the draining of the last proglacial lake Peace River has cut a trench 700 feet deep below the lake floor and 150 to 250 feet below its interglacial channel. Lice from the Cordilleran area reached to within 15 miles of Fort St. John, overriding areas from which the early Wisconsin (?) eastern ice had already withdrawn. The Quaternary history here is important in localizing the few available aquifers for shallow farm wells, and may have significantly influenced migration of early man into central North America.

"This report describes the surficial geology of 64,000 km2 of Canada's most northern mainland and complements of a similar report on Somerset Island which lies immediately north of Boothia Peninsula being separated from it by the very narrow waters of Bellot Strait. The report discusses the potential use of geological information to future land use projects and to mineral exploration and presents new interpretations regarding the structure and dynamics of the northern part of the last ice sheet to cover Canada." --

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the first longitudinal study of the downstream response of a major river to the establishment of a large hydropower facility and dams. Peace River, a northward flowing boreal river in northwestern Canada was dammed in 1967 and the book describes the morphological response of the 1200 km downstream channel and the response of riparian vegetation to the change in flow regime over the first forty years of regulated flows. Beginning with a description of the effect of regulation on the flow and sediment regimes of the river, the book proceeds to study changes in downstream channel geometry on the main stem, on the lowermost course of tributaries, and on the hydraulic geometry, the overall morphology of the channel, and riparian vegetation succession. The river is subject to annual freeze-up and break-up, so a chapter is devoted to the ice regime of the river. A chapter compares the effects of two extraordinary post-regulation flood events. The penultimate chapter presents a prediction of the ultimate equilibrium form of the regulated river based on rational regime theory. An online database of all the main observations will provide invaluable material for advanced students of river hydraulics and geomorphology. This book carefully brings together a range of studies that have been previously inaccessible providing a rare and comprehensive analysis of the effects of a big dam on a river, a river that itself represents an example of the kind of system that is likely to receive considerable attention in the future from dam engineers and environmentalists. • An invaluable reference to river scientists, hydroelectric power developers, engineers and environmentalists • Focus on a northward flowing boreal river, a type that holds most of the remaining hydroelectric power potential in the Northern Hemisphere • Exceptional separation of water and sediment sources, permitting study of the isolated effect of manipulating one of the two major governing conditions of river processes and form • Unique example of water regulation and both natural and engineered flood flows • Detailed study of both morphological changes of the channel and of the riparian vegetation • Online data supplement including major data tables and numerous maps. Details of the main observations and provides material for problem study by advanced students of river hydraulics and geomorphology are provided