Recent Developments In Braiding And Narrow Weaving

This book discusses the latest developments in narrow fabrics from research institutions, machinery building companies and producers of such products, presented during the International Week of Narrow Fabrics in March 2016 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. It also demonstrates different applications of braided and woven fabrics. Braided and woven narrow products are produced using completely different techniques, but have a lot of similarities in their applications – they are used as belts, ropes and tubes in areas ranging from medical textiles, cables, technical and home applications to large-scale transport belts and long tubes for transporting oil from the bottom of the ocean.

This book sets the fundamentals of modern weaving at a new level. It contains information for the design of woven structures with complex cross section and multiple layers for modern applications, in the way that leading product developers, professors and researchers are using them now. It starts with the classical weaving principles and patterning and extends these quickly to multilayer structures, produced with single and multiple weft insertion devices, woven structures with complex cross section or direct 3D shape. The engineering methods for design of the structures using modern software and modern algorithms are also explained. Finally, an overview of different application areas is given. The book is written by the world leading experts in their fields and is prepared as learning tool for people interested in modern weaving. Exercises and end-of-chapter summaries will help the reader to check his own knowledge.

The book presents the latest developments in narrow fabrics and smart materials from research institutions, machinery building companies and producers of such products, presented during the International Week of Narrow and Smart Textiles in Spring 2018 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. It also demonstrates different applications of braided and woven fabrics. Braided and woven narrow products are produced using completely different techniques, but have a lot of similarities in their applications – they are used as belts, ropes and tubes in areas ranging from medical textiles, cables, technical and home applications to large-scale transport belts and long tubes for transporting oil from the bottom of the ocean.

Textile reinforcement forms (preforms) play an important role in determining the properties of the final composite and product. The preform formation process provides precise control of the fiber architecture and orientation using a suitable textile manufacturing technique. While the techniques employed for preparing glass and carbon preforms are well-known, there is still a gap in understanding on how to prepare natural preforms for composite reinforcements. Multiscale Textile Preforms and Structures for Natural Fiber Composites will bridge this gap by presenting unified knowledge on the relevant preform preparation techniques and resulting fiber architectures. Emphasis is on the structural parameters of each preform and their effect on the final composite properties. This book assembles information and knowledge on natural fiber reinforcement forms, including conventional forms, such as spun yarn, woven, knitted, nonwoven, braided, and comingled. These are illustrated and classified into one-, two-, and three-dimensional reinforcements. This book also includes information on nonconventional preform formation techniques such as unidirectional tapes, pre-impregnated preforms, spread tows, and tailored fiber placement. Covers all relevant textile processing technology for natural fiber preforms Provides academic researchers with a better understanding of recent practices in preparing textile reinforcements for natural fiber composites Helps practitioners determine how to use natural fiber reinforcements in producing new sustainable and innovative composites

This book presents the textile-, mathematical and mechanical background for the modelling of fiber based structures such as yarns, braided and knitted textiles. The hierarchical scales of these textiles and the structural elements at the different levels are analysed and the methods for their modelling are presented. The author reports about problems, methods and algorithms and possible solutions from his twenty year experience in the modelling and software development of CAD for textiles.

Multi-scale modelling of composites is a very relevant topic in composites science. This is illustrated by the numerous sessions in the recent European and International Conferences on Composite Materials, but also by the fast developments in multi-scale modelling software tools, developed by large industrial players such as Siemens (Virtual Material Characterization toolkit and MultiMechanics virtual testing software), MSC/e-Xstream (Digimat software), Simulia (micromechanics plug-in in Abaqus), HyperSizer (Multi-scale design of composites), Altair (Altair Multiscale Designer) This book is intended to be an ideal reference on the latest advances in multi-scale modelling of fibre-reinforced polymer composites, that is accessible for both (young) researchers and end users of modelling software. We target three main groups: This book aims at a complete introduction and overview of the state-of-the-art in multi-scale modelling of composites in three axes: • ranging from prediction of homogenized elastic properties to nonlinear material behaviour • ranging from geometrical models for random packing of unidirectional fibres over meso-scale geometries for textile composites to orientation tensors for short fibre composites • ranging from damage modelling of unidirectionally reinforced composites over textile composites to short fibre-reinforced composites The book covers the three most important scales in multi-scale modelling of composites: (i) micro-scale, (ii) meso-scale and (iii) macro-scale. The nano-scale and related atomistic and molecular modelling approaches are deliberately excluded, since the book wants to focus on continuum mechanics and there are already a lot of dedicated books about polymer nanocomposites. A strong focus is put on physics-based damage modelling, in the sense that the chapters devote attention to modelling the different damage mechanisms (matrix cracking, fibre/matrix debonding, delamination, fibre fracture,...) in such a way that the underlying physics of the initiation and growth of these damage modes is respected. The book also gives room to not only discuss the finite element based approaches for multi-scale modelling, but also much faster methods that are popular in industrial software, such as Mean Field Homogenization methods (based on Mori-Tanaka and Eshelby solutions) and variational methods (shear lag theory and more advanced theories). Since the book targets a wide audience, the focus is put on the most common numerical approaches that are used in multi-scale modelling. Very specialized numerical methods like peridynamics modelling, Material Point Method, eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM), isogeometric analysis, SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics),... are excluded. Outline of the book The book is divided in three large parts, well balanced with each a similar number of chapters:

Design and Manufacture of Structural Composites provides an overview of the main manufacturing challenges encountered when processing fibre-reinforced composite materials. Composites are unique in that the material is created at the same time as the structure, forming a very close link between the constituents, the manufacturing process and the resulting mechanical performance. This book takes an in-depth look at material choices and the intermediate steps required to convert different fibre and matrix combinations into finished products. It provides an insight into recent developments for each of the manufacturing processes covered, addressing design, cost, rate and mechanical performance. Topics covered include an introduction to composite materials, material preforming and conversion, moulding, digital design and sustainability, which addresses waste reduction, disassembly and fibre recovery. This book has been developed primarily as a teaching resource with contributions from leading experts in the field. The content has evolved from courses given by the authors to mechanical engineering and materials science students, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It also draws upon experience gained during research projects and from leading industry experts. It therefore provides non-specialists with a valuable introduction to composite manufacturing techniques, helping to determine the most suitable manufacturing routes and to understand the challenges associated with the production of high-performance composite components. Provides an overview of the most common manufacturing routes for fibre reinforced composites, including the influence of the manufacturing route on mechanical properties, production volume and component cost Discusses recent advances in composite manufacturing, including the use of automation, process simulation, digital factories, and solutions to improve sustainability Looks at where the composites sector is heading and discusses some of the challenges faced by end-users looking to scale up production and increase the uptake of fibre-reinforced composites for structural applications

This book presents basic knowledge on the examination of textile materials, from fibers to yarns and knitted or woven fabrics, using mathematical and physical methods. Besides typical textile test procedures, defined by well-known standards, the book aims at showing new ways to examine textile materials and giving an overview of the possibilities as well as problems occurring when methods from other areas are transferred into the examination of textiles. The contents range from apparently simple measurements, such as resistance of conductive coatings on woven fabrics, to diffraction measurements on woven fabrics, to optical examination of knitted fabrics by mathematical approaches to study yarn hairiness and cover factor.