Redefining Family Law In India

This volume is a collection of articles by scholars across disciplines to create a discourse of family law independent of Religious Personal Law, whilst striving for fairness and justice to all. It demonstrates the artificiality of the public–private divide and seeks the systematic development of ideas for a fair and just family law in contemporary India. The book does not merely document the pathologies of power within the family but also makes proposals for remedying these inequities. It is not confined to considering what changes need to be inducted into existing family law to make it more just, but also strategises on the means and methods of effecting the change. It lifts the familial veil and scrutinises the status, rights and disabilities of some of the subordinated members of the family. The volume is an invitation to redefine family law with the twin tools of reflection and responsibility. It will interest those in law judges, legislators, law reformers as well as those in women and family studies, policy makers and policy analysts, apart from the general reader.

The Constitution of India guarantees equality as a fundamental right. This, however, remains only at the level of theory as the various religious personal laws in force in the country and followed by different communities deny equality to women in personal matters. This inequitous contradiction is the subject of this pioneering study. Dr. Parashar argues that the concept of religious personal law was created by colonial administrators and has been maintained by independent India since, in a religiously plural society, it helps the State’s end of governance. The author traces the legislative conduct of the State and demonstrates that it has adopted discrepant policies with respect to the different religious personal laws. While Hindu personal law has been extensively reformed, the other personal laws have been left largely untouched. As a result, Hindu women have gained new rights, though not complete equality, while women of the minority communities continue to suffer inequalities. The author critically examines the arguments used by the State to reform, or refrain from reforming, religious personal laws. This analysis establishes conclusively that the State has acted in an inconsistent manner, and that its decisions are not governed by considerations of equality and gender justice but primarily by political factors. The author concludes that the only way to sever the connection between religious and civil rights is to adopt a secular and uniform civil code which should be non-optional. Dr. Parashar also highlights the inadequacies of the various feminist analyses of the nature of law and suggests that any discussion of the nature of the State must incorporate the significance of religion as a political factor. This major study will interest lawyers, legal activists, feminists and all those fighting to end gender discrimination.

This text presents an overview of the major issues and topics in current developments in Indian family law. Indian law has produced a number of very important innovations in the past two decades, which are also highly instructive for law reform debates in western and other jurisdictions. Topics discussed are: marriage, divorce, polygamy, maintenance, property and the Uniform Civil Code.

Family law in India has a complex legal structure where different religious communities are guided by their own personal laws, each of which historically evolved under various social, religious, political, and legal influences. In two comprehensive and lucid volumes, Flavia Agnes, a leading activist and advocate in the area, examines family law in the light of social realities, contemporary rights discourse, and the idea of justice. What is unique in these volumes is that the ground level litigation practices around women's rights are interwoven with the critical analyses of the statutory provisions. Relying extensively upon case law, Volume 2 examines: the litigation around the validity of marriage and procedures for dissolving it, the contemporary debates around issues such as child marriages, NRI marriages, and registration of marriages the framework of law on the issues of maintenance, matrimonial residence, and custody and guardianship of children, and whether considering the procedural aspects of matrimonial law, and the increased powers of the family courts, gender justice concerns are being adequately addressed. The volume also emphasizes that it is necessary and possible for the law to fairly reflect individual and social contingencies at the ground level.

Family law in India has a complex legal structure where different religious communities are guided by their own personal laws, each of which historically evolved under various social, religious, political, and legal influences. In two comprehensive and lucid volumes, Flavia Agnes, a leading activist and advocate in the area, examines family law in the light of social realities, contemporary rights discourse, and the idea of justice. What is unique in these volumes is that the ground level litigation practices around women's rights are interwoven with the critical analyses of the statutory provisions. Relying extensively upon case law, Volume 1 examines: the evolution of the personal laws of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Parsis, and Jews during the colonial and postcolonial periods; how these laws are applied in contemporary questions of marriage, divorce, property rights, and succession; and whether it is possible to bring the law in conformity with modern changes through and in both the formal, and statutory law and the pluralistic and fluid community-based practices. It also extensively examines the role of the judiciary, the political and academic debates around the issue of uniform civil code, and women's citizenship claims in a stratified and hierarchical social order.

This collection discusses how official legal systems do and should respond to the reality of a plurality of family types and origins within their jurisdictions. It further examines the challenges that arise for practitioners, including lawyers and judges, when faced with such plurality. Focussing on empirical research, the volume presents legal and sociological data of unprecedented comparative depth. It also includes a discussion of how members of minority families respond to the need to organise their legal relationships, and to resolve their disputes in the shadow of official legal systems which differ from those of their familial and communal traditions. The work invites reflection, and demonstrates the urgency and complexity of the questions regarding the search for justice in the field of family life in Europe today.