Reef Nets In The Salish Sea

The Straits Salish Indians of the San Juan and Straits of Georgia's islands were using an advanced technique to catch sockeye salmon hundreds of years ago; probably before Columbus, Vespucci, Bering, Drake and other European explorers were even born. That technique survives today and is considered to be one of the most environmentally sensitive of all the methods of catching fish. The indigenous peoples we now know as the Lummi, the Samish, the Semiahmoo, the Sooke, the Songish, and the Saanich, were a distinct group particularly distinguished by their invention of, and use of, an ingenious apparatus known today as the reef net; an apparatus especially designed to catch the elusive sockeye salmon. This book tells the story of the reef net as invented by an unknown genius among the Straits Salish peoples of hundreds of years ago. This book is also an attempt to examine the lessons to be learned from the past and their potential for informing the future; what can we learn from the past to enhance our approach to the future? The lessons of the reef net include respect for a people capable of developing an advanced technology based on the natural world they lived in. The lessons of the reef net lead to an increased respect for the environment. The lessons of the reef net include material for reflection about the value of self-reliance and an entrepreneurial spirit. The lessons of the reef net have much to teach about the value of community and people working in a common cause. Invented hundreds of years ago, the reef net is still in use today. According to the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife: "The term, selective fishing, has been used to describe any of several fishing gears and management objectives, yet at its most basic definition a selective fishery is one in which by catch (the capture of undesired species) is avoided altogether or is able to be released alive and unharmed. As the Department of Fish & Wildlife has experimented with selective commercial fishing gear and moved toward selective fishing practices in recreational fishing, reef nets stand out as the original and still the best in selective fishing. Practiced by the Indians of the Puget Sound region using materials gathered locally, reef nets are unique to the area. Modern materials and hydraulics have improved efficiency but the basic methods remain the same. Reef nets do not gill or surround salmon with a net. Rather they count on natural and manmade structures to lead the salmon into a shallow laid net which is then lifted and the fish spilled into holding pens. Minimal handling and stress coupled with the ability to keep the fish alive make reef nets the most selective fishing gear available. Reef nets are fixed to one location and only catch migrating adult salmon that swim through their gear. For years reef nets have released non-target salmon species when management needs dictate. Mortality and bycatch are lower than any other fishing gear. Today reef nets are used in northern Puget Sound, targeting sockeye and pink salmon during summer months and coho and chum salmon during the fall."

Indigenous and decolonizing perspectives on education have long persisted alongside colonial models of education, yet too often have been subsumed within the fields of multiculturalism, critical race theory, and progressive education. Timely and compelling, Indigenous and Decolonizing Studies in Education features research, theory, and dynamic foundational readings for educators and educational researchers who are looking for possibilities beyond the limits of liberal democratic schooling. Featuring original chapters by authors at the forefront of theorizing, practice, research, and activism, this volume helps define and imagine the exciting interstices between Indigenous and decolonizing studies and education. Each chapter forwards Indigenous principles - such as Land as literacy and water as life - that are grounded in place-specific efforts of creating Indigenous universities and schools, community organizing and social movements, trans and Two Spirit practices, refusals of state policies, and land-based and water-based pedagogies.

Winner of the 2014 Albert Corey Prize from the American Historical Association Winner of the 2013 Hal Rothman Award from the Western History Association Winner of the 2013 John Lyman Book Award in the Naval and Maritime Science and Technology category from the North American Society for Oceanic History For centuries, borders have been central to salmon management customs on the Salish Sea, but how those borders were drawn has had very different effects on the Northwest salmon fishery. Native peoples who fished the Salish Sea--which includes Puget Sound in Washington State, the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca--drew social and cultural borders around salmon fishing locations and found ways to administer the resource in a sustainable way. Nineteenth-century Euro-Americans, who drew the Anglo-American border along the forty-ninth parallel, took a very different approach and ignored the salmon's patterns and life cycle. As the canned salmon industry grew and more people moved into the region, class and ethnic relations changed. Soon illegal fishing, broken contracts, and fish piracy were endemic--conditions that contributed to rampant overfishing, social tensions, and international mistrust. The Nature of Borders is about the ecological effects of imposing cultural and political borders on this critical West Coast salmon fishery. This transnational history provides an understanding of the modern Pacific salmon crisis and is particularly instructive as salmon conservation practices increasingly approximate those of the pre-contact Native past. The Nature of Borders reorients borderlands studies toward the Canada-U.S. border and also provides a new view of how borders influenced fishing practices and related management efforts over time. Watch the book trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ffLPgtCYHA&feature=channel_video_title

Gorgeous, fascinating and unconventional, the Islands in the Salish Sea show aspects of the Gulf Islands that are most beloved by the residents, from heritage orchards, fishing spots and patches of endangered wild orchids to ancient First Nations' sites and bird colonies. The community on each island decided what elements should be depicted, and local artists then created each of the magnificent and wildly different maps. This volume is a treasure-trove of cherished information that could have been lost, presented with imagination and great beauty. The Islands in the Salish Sea Community Mapping Project was coordinated by Sheila Harrington and Judi Stevenson, who live on Salt Spring Island.

Features 23 wholly new routes Paddles range from protected lakes and short routes for beginners to more exposed, longer saltwater trips for advanced paddlers Detailed information on paddle duration, difficulty, planning considerations, and more All new full-color maps and photos In Paddling the Salish Sea, professional kayaker and paddling coach Rob Casey guides paddlers to the most rewarding destinations across the region. This comprehensive guide covers everything from the quiet inlets of the South Sound to an entirely new section featuring the fjords, waterfalls, and local waterways around Vancouver, B.C. In between, paddlers will find urban explorations near Seattle and Everett; routes on the lakes, rivers, and shorelines of the Olympic Peninsula, Hood Canal, and the islands of the North Sound; and even more new choices in Canada’s Gulf Islands and around Victoria, B.C. Beginner, intermediate, and advanced paddlers all can find beautiful, rewarding routes for their skill levels. Casey’s expert advice on navigating the marine environment, paddling safety, gear, trip planning, and more provides all the practical information paddlers need to prepare for a successful, safe outing. For sea or flatwater kayakers, canoeists, rowers, or stand-up paddle boarders, Paddling the Salish Sea is the must-have guide for discovering the wonders of the Puget Sound.

This book examines ways of conserving, managing, and interacting with plant and animal resources by Native American cultural groups of the Pacific Coast of North America, from Alaska to California. These practices helped them maintain and restore ecological balance for thousands of years. Building upon the authors’ and others’ previous works, the book brings in perspectives from ethnography and marine evolutionary ecology. The core of the book consists of Native American testimony: myths, tales, speeches, and other texts, which are treated from an ecological viewpoint. The focus on animals and in-depth research on stories, especially early recordings of texts, set this book apart. The book is divided into two parts, covering the Northwest Coast, and California. It then follows the division in lifestyle between groups dependent largely on fish and largely on seed crops. It discusses how the survival of these cultures functions in the contemporary world, as First Nations demand recognition and restoration of their ancestral rights and resource management practices.

One of Eater's Best Food Books to Read This Fall American food traditions are in danger of being lost. How do we save them? Apples, a common New England crop, have been called the United States' "most endangered food." The iconic Texas Longhorn cattle is categorized at "critical" risk for extinction. Unique date palms, found nowhere else on the planet, grow in California’s Coachella Valley—but the family farms that caretake them are shutting down. Apples, cattle, dates—these are foods that carry significant cultural weight. But they’re disappearing. In Endangered Eating, culinary historian Sarah Lohman draws inspiration from the Ark of Taste, a list compiled by Slow Food International that catalogues important regional foods. Lohman travels the country learning about the distinct ingredients at risk of being lost. Readers follow Lohman to Hawaii, as she walks alongside farmers to learn the stories behind heirloom sugarcane. In the Navajo Nation, she assists in the traditional butchering of a Navajo Churro ram. Lohman heads to the Upper Midwest, to harvest wild rice; to the Pacific Northwest, to spend a day wild salmon reefnet fishing; to the Gulf Coast, to devour gumbo made thick and green with filé powder; and to the Lowcountry of South Carolina, to taste America’s oldest peanut—long thought to be extinct. Lohman learns from those who love these rare ingredients: shepherds, fishers, and farmers; scientists, historians, and activists. And she tries her hand at raising these crops and preparing these dishes. Each chapter includes two recipes, so readers can be a part of saving these ingredients by purchasing and preparing them. Animated by stories yet grounded in historical research, Endangered Eating gives readers the tools to support community food organizations and producers that work to preserve local culinary traditions and rare, cherished foods—before it’s too late.

Safe and Sustainable Arctic Shipping Management and Development presents insight into what is happening currently in the Arctic in shipping and natural resource exploration. It discusses the challenges in harnessing the potential of the Arctic and are geared towards achieving a sustainable and productive Arctic. It enables both researchers and practitioners to apply the theoretical knowledge obtained in the field to solve challenging Arctic issues. The book focuses on the management and development of Arctic shipping, including the use of shipping for natural resource exploration and the socio-economic implications of shipping activities in the Arctic. It covers the geography, planning, environmental, economics, management, policy, regulations, and governance of the Arctic comprehensively. It also closely integrates the implications of Arctic activities with indigenous ways of life. The book is divided into four major sections, namely Theoretical Settings, Economic Opportunities and Risks, Operational Challenges, and Environmental and Social Implications. This book is a quality companion to any researchers, policymakers, and industrial practitioners involved in transport and environmental planning and management as a solid platform for further research, planning, and development of appropriate policies and practices. Captures the latest state of affairs in Arctic shipping and recent evolutions Shows forward-thinking policies of the Arctic by leading scholars, predicting a very favorable future of the Arctic Focuses on operational aspects—constraints, challenges and opportunities, and the extent to which shipping can become a development tool