Reference Manual To Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings

The text provides guidance to the building science community of architects and engineers, to reduce physical damage to buildings, related infrastructure, and people caused by terrorist assaults. It presents incremental approaches that can be implemented over time to decrease the vulnerability of buildings to terrorist threats. Many of the recommendations can be implemented quickly and cost-effectively. The manual contains many how-to aspects based upon current information contained in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, General Services Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and other publications. It describes a threat assessment methodology and presents a Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist to support the assessment process. It also discusses architectural and engineering design considerations, standoff distances, explosive blast, and chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) information. The appendices includes a glossary of CBR definitions as well as general definitions of key terminologies used in the building science security area. The appendices also describe design considerations for electronic security systems and provide a listing of associations and organizations currently working in the building science security area.

Provides guidance to the building science community of architects & engineers, to reduce physical damage to buildings, related infrastructure, & people caused by terrorist assaults. The comprehensive approach to understanding how to improve security in high occupancy buildings will better protect the nation from potential threats by identifying key actions & design criteria to strengthen our buildings from the forces that might be anticipated in a terrorist assault. Many of the methodologies in this publication have been adapted from other gov't. sources & modified to meet the mission of the DHS, allowing for the effective transfer of decades of Federal & DoD research & experience to the broader building science community. Illus.

This manual, part of the new Building Infrastructure Protection Series published by the United States (U.S.) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division (IDD), serves to advance high performance and integrated design for buildings and infrastructure. This manual was prepared as a component of the S&T program for infrastructure protection and disaster management; the overall goal of this program is to enhance the blast and chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) resistance of our Nation's buildings and infrastructure to meet specific performance requirements at the highest possible level. One of the objectives of this manual is to provide the tools and guidance to reduce physical damage to structural and nonstructural components of buildings and related infrastructure and to reduce resulting casualties caused by conventional bomb attacks and attacks using CBR agents. Although the material and the risk assessment methodology in this manual can be applied to most building types, it is intended to assist with the design and management of facilities in eight designated sectors outlined in the DHS 2009 National Infrastructure Protection Plan (the NIPP): Banking and Finance, Commercial Facilities, Communications, Critical Manufacturing, Government Facilities, Healthcare and Public Health, Information Technology, and Postal and Shipping. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance to designers and decision makers in these sectors, to building professionals working for public and private institutions, and to first responder communities. It presents tools to help assess the performance of buildings and infrastructure against terrorist threats and to rank recommended protective measures. A primary objective of this manual is the establishment of a common framework of terminology to facilitate the transfer of this information. For example, a basis for design is established by identifying the threat or hazard to which a building may be vulnerable. Within the military, intelligence, and law enforcement communities, the term “threat” is typically used to describe the potential threat elements (personnel) and their tactics for creating terrorism or manmade disasters. Within FEMA and other civil agencies, the term “hazard” is used in several different contexts. “Natural” hazard typically refers to a natural event, such as a flood, wind, or seismic event. “Human-caused” (or manmade) hazards are “technological” hazards and “terrorism.” These are distinct from natural hazards, primarily, in that they originate from human activity. Furthermore, “technological” hazards are generally assumed to be accidental, in that their consequences are unintended. For the sake of simplicity, this manual uses the terms “threat” to describe terrorism or intentional attacks and “hazard” to describe accidental manmade or technological hazards. Another objective of this manual is the transfer of design concepts that have been in use by DHS [these include concepts of the Interagency Security Committee (ISC) Standards and Best Practices, the General Services Administration (GSA), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the U.S. Department of State (DOS), U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), and the military services] to commercial practice. Several valuable risk assessment methodologies are used by both the public and private sectors; however, this manual focuses on the methodology described in FEMA 452, Risk Assessment: A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks (2005), which has been used extensively by Federal agencies, along with State and local governments and the private sector. This manual presents techniques that can be implemented incrementally over time to increase resiliency as well as decrease the vulnerability of a building to hazards and terrorist threats.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed FEMA 459, Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings from Terrorist Attack, to provide guidance to owners of existing commercial buildings and their architects and engineers on security and operational enhancements to address vulnerabilities to explosive blasts and chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. It also addresses how to integrate these enhancements into the ongoing building maintenance and capital improvement programs. These enhancements are intended to mitigate or eliminate long-term risk to people and property. FEMA's Risk Management Series publications addressing security risks are based on two core documents: FEMA 426, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against buildings, and FEMA 452, Risk Assessment: A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings. FEMA 426 provides guidance to the building science community of architects and engineers on reducing physical damage caused by terrorist assaults to buildings, related infrastructure, and people. FEMA 452 outlines methods for identifying the critical assets and functions within buildings, determining the potential threats to those assets, and assessing the building's vulnerabilities to those threats. This assessment of risks facilitates hazard mitigation decision-making. Specifically, the document addresses methods for reducing physical damage to structural and nonstructural components of buildings and related infrastructure and reducing resultant casualties during conventional bomb attacks, as well as attacks involving chemical, biological, and radiological agents. FEMA 459 can be used in conjunction with FEMA 452. This manual presents an integrated, incremental rehabilitation approach to implementing the outcomes of a risk assessment completed in accordance with FEMA 452, Risk Assessment: A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Building. This approach is intended to minimize disruption to building operations and control costs for existing commercial buildings. The integrated incremental approach to risk reduction in buildings was initially developed in relation to seismic risk and was first articulated in FEMA's Risk Management Series in the widely disseminated FEMA 395, Incremental Seismic Rehabilitation of School Buildings (K-12), published in June 2003. In 2004 and 2005, FEMA also published Incremental Seismic Rehabilitation manuals (FEMA 396-400) for hospitals, office buildings, multifamily apartments, retail buildings, and hotels and motels. This manual outlines an approach to incremental security enhancement in four types of existing commercial buildings: office buildings, retail buildings, multifamily apartment buildings, and hotel and motel buildings. It addresses both physical and operational enhancements that reduce building vulnerabilities to blasts and chemical, biological, and radiological attacks, within the constraints of the existing site conditions and building configurations.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed this publication, Site and Urban Design for Security: Guidance against Potential Terrorist Attacks, to provide information and design concepts for the protection of buildings and occupants, from site perimeters to the faces of buildings. The intended audience includes the design community of architects, landscape architects, engineers and other consultants working for private institutions, building owners and managers and state and local government officials concerned with site planning and design. This publication, FEMA 430, is one of a series that addresses security issues in high-population private-sector buildings. It is a companion to the Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings (FEMA 426), which provides an understanding of the assessment of threats, hazards, vulnerability, and risk, and the design methods needed to improve protection of new and existing buildings and the people occupying them. Chapter 2 of FEMA 426 provides guidance on site layout and design and discusses architectural and engineering design considerations for risk mitigation, starting at the property line, including the orientation and placement of buildings on the site. This publication represents an expansion of Chapter 2 and focuses in more detail on information useful to the site security design team. In addition, this publication expands on Instruction Unit IX, "Site and Layout Design Guidance," in the Building Design for Homeland Security Training Course (FEMA E155) and also summarizes some of the concepts in Risk Assessment: A How-To Guide to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings (FEMA 452). Some of the technical information on design against blast contained in the Primer for Design of Commercial Buildings to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks (FEMA 427) is also summarized. These publications are part of the FEMA Risk Management Series (RMS).

NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT -- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last This manual is intended to provide guidance for engineers, architects, building officials, building and home inspectors, and property owners to design shelters and safe rooms n buildings. It presents informaton about the design and construction of shelters in the work place, home, or community building that will provide protection in response to manmade hazards. Included is information to: assist in planning and design of shelters that may be constructed outside or within dwellings or public buildings. designed to protect individuals from assaults and attempted kidnapping, which requires design featurs to resist forced entry and ballistic impact Protective options, from low-cost expedient protection, such as sheltering-in-place to safe rooms ventilated and pressurized with purified air by ultra-high- efficiency filters. and more. Related products: Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room for Your Home or Small Business; Includes Construction Plans (CD) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00069-1?ctid=138 A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/027-001-00101-3 Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings From Terrorist Attack: Providing Protection to People and Buildings can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00043-8 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings: Providing Protection to People and Buildings is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00038-1 World Trade Center Building Performance Study: Data Collection, Preliminary Observations, and Recommendations is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/064-000-00029-2 Other products produced by U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/528

NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT-- OVERSTOCK SALE --Significantly reduced list price This publication provides guidance to owners of existing commerical builidings and their architects and engineers on security and opeerational enhancements to address vulnerabilities to explosive blasts and chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. It also addresses how to integrate these enhancements to into the ongoing building maintenance and capital improvement programs. These enhancements are intended to mitigate or eliminate long-term risk to people and property. This manual provides building owners and their design consultants with guidance on developing a program of incremental security enhancements that can be implemented over a period of time. Chapter 1 provides an overview of integrated incremental rehabilitation of buildings, potential terrorist threats to buildings, the mitigation of the risks of terrorist attacks, special issues related to security in existing commercial buildings, a process for integrating incremental mitigation into the normal facility management process, and a step-by step approach to implementation of an incremental enhancement program. It is intended for building owners and their risk managers and facility managers. Chapter 2 describes the relationship between this manual and FEMA 452 and includes a list of terrorism risk reduction measures. It also discusses the implementation of an integrated incremental program and links (in the form of matrices) specific physical and operational enhancement measures to normal maintenance and capital improvement programs associated with commercial buildings. It is intended for risk managers, facility managers, and design professionals. Chapter 3 discusses blast threats to buildings and physical enhancements that reduce the vulnerability to blasts. It is intended for design professionals and their blast consultants. Chapter 4 discusses chemical, biological, and radiological threats to buildings and physical and operational enhancements that reduce the vulnerability to these threats. It is intended for design professionals and their CBR consultants. Chapter 5 discusses operational security measures that reduce commercial building vulnerabilities to terrorist threats. It is intended for design professionals and security personnel. Audience This manual addresses the specific needs and practices of commercial building owners, and guides building owners and managers through a process that will reduce the risks to their buildings from terrorist attacks. It is intended for use by both technical and non-technical audiences, including building owners, facility managers, risk managers, security consultants, and design professionals. Related products: Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT & CBRNE) collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/security-defense-law-enforcement/hazardous-materials-hazmat-cbrne Terrorism and 9/11 history related products resources collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/us-military-history/terrorism-911-history Other products produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/528