Regularization Methods In Banach Spaces

Regularization methods aimed at finding stable approximate solutions are a necessary tool to tackle inverse and ill-posed problems. Inverse problems arise in a large variety of applications ranging from medical imaging and non-destructive testing via finance to systems biology. Many of these problems belong to the class of parameter identification problems in partial differential equations (PDEs) and thus are computationally demanding and mathematically challenging. Hence there is a substantial need for stable and efficient solvers for this kind of problems as well as for a rigorous convergence analysis of these methods. This monograph consists of five parts. Part I motivates the importance of developing and analyzing regularization methods in Banach spaces by presenting four applications which intrinsically demand for a Banach space setting and giving a brief glimpse of sparsity constraints. Part II summarizes all mathematical tools that are necessary to carry out an analysis in Banach spaces. Part III represents the current state-of-the-art concerning Tikhonov regularization in Banach spaces. Part IV about iterative regularization methods is concerned with linear operator equations and the iterative solution of nonlinear operator equations by gradient type methods and the iteratively regularized Gauß-Newton method. Part V finally outlines the method of approximate inverse which is based on the efficient evaluation of the measured data with reconstruction kernels.

Motivated by their successful application in image restoring and sparsity reconstruction this manuscript deals with regularization theory of linear and nonlinear inverse and ill-posed problems in Banach space settings. Whereas regularization in Hilbert spaces has been widely studied in literature for a long period the developement and investigation of regularization methods in Banach spaces have become a field of modern research. The manuscript is twofolded. The first part deals with convergence rates theory for Tikhonov regularization as classical regularization method. In particular, generalizations of well-established results in Hilbert spaces are presented in the Banach space situation. Since the numerical effort of Tikhonov regularization in applications is rather high iterative approaches were considered as alternative regularization variants in the second part. In particular, two Gradient-type methods were presented and their behaviour concerning convergence and stability is investigated. For one of the methods, additionally, a convergence rates result is formulated. All the theoretical results are illustrated by some numerical examples.

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the regularization of ill-posed inverse problems for operators mapping between two Banach spaces. This thesis focuses on the case of linear, continuous operators and Banach spaces, which are convex of power type and/or smooth of power type. The main aim is to present new results regarding the Tikhonov regularization and the Landweber regularization, some of which are: convexity and smoothness properties of the wavelet characterization of the norm of Besov spaces, generalization of the discrepancy principle of Engl to the setting of Banach spaces, convergence rates for two minimization methods for the Tikhonov functional, adaptation of the Landweber iteration to Banach spaces convex of power type and smooth of power type and introduction of a modified version of the Landweber iteration. The quality of the algorithms introduced in this thesis is discussed with help of several numerical examples.

Nonlinear inverse problems appear in many applications, and typically they lead to mathematical models that are ill-posed, i.e., they are unstable under data perturbations. Those problems require a regularization, i.e., a special numerical treatment. This book presents regularization schemes which are based on iteration methods, e.g., nonlinear Landweber iteration, level set methods, multilevel methods and Newton type methods.

This specialized and authoritative book contains an overview of modern approaches to constructing approximations to solutions of ill-posed operator equations, both linear and nonlinear. These approximation schemes form a basis for implementable numerical algorithms for the stable solution of operator equations arising in contemporary mathematical modeling, and in particular when solving inverse problems of mathematical physics. The book presents in detail stable solution methods for ill-posed problems using the methodology of iterative regularization of classical iterative schemes and the techniques of finite dimensional and finite difference approximations of the problems under study. Special attention is paid to ill-posed Cauchy problems for linear operator differential equations and to ill-posed variational inequalities and optimization problems. The readers are expected to have basic knowledge in functional analysis and differential equations. The book will be of interest to applied mathematicians and specialists in mathematical modeling and inverse problems, and also to advanced students in these fields. Contents Introduction Regularization Methods For Linear Equations Finite Difference Methods Iterative Regularization Methods Finite-Dimensional Iterative Processes Variational Inequalities and Optimization Problems

The book collects and contributes new results on the theory and practice of ill-posed inverse problems. Different notions of ill-posedness in Banach spaces for linear and nonlinear inverse problems are discussed not only in standard settings but also in situations up to now not covered by the literature. Especially, ill-posedness of linear operators with uncomplemented null spaces is examined.Tools for convergence rate analysis of regularization methods are extended to a wider field of applicability. It is shown that the tool known as variational source condition always yields convergence rate results. A theory for nonlinear inverse problems with quadratic structure is developed as well as corresponding regularization methods. The new methods are applied to a difficult inverse problem from laser optics.Sparsity promoting regularization is examined in detail from a Banach space point of view. Extensive convergence analysis reveals new insights into the behavior of Tikhonov-type regularization with sparsity enforcing penalty.

This specialized and authoritative book contains an overview of modern approaches to constructing approximations to solutions of ill-posed operator equations, both linear and nonlinear. These approximation schemes form a basis for implementable numerical algorithms for the stable solution of operator equations arising in contemporary mathematical modeling, and in particular when solving inverse problems of mathematical physics. The book presents in detail stable solution methods for ill-posed problems using the methodology of iterative regularization of classical iterative schemes and the techniques of finite dimensional and finite difference approximations of the problems under study. Special attention is paid to ill-posed Cauchy problems for linear operator differential equations and to ill-posed variational inequalities and optimization problems. The readers are expected to have basic knowledge in functional analysis and differential equations. The book will be of interest to applied mathematicians and specialists in mathematical modeling and inverse problems, and also to advanced students in these fields. ContentsIntroductionRegularization Methods For Linear EquationsFinite Difference MethodsIterative Regularization MethodsFinite-Dimensional Iterative ProcessesVariational Inequalities and Optimization Problems