Repeat Breeding In Dairy Animals

Because of the lockdown from the beginning of 2020, many educated young people in the age group of 25-35 has been moved to their hometown and villages. This has compelled them to work online from home and thinking to explore the possibility of animal keeping. This includes fish, goats, buffalo, Desi cows and the exotic cows. All of these the exotic cow seems to be more promising because it gives milk every day and it is a good source of income. Because of the green revolution have been irrigated area of western U.P., Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat and MP. With the introduction of the high yielding exotic breeds of North American and European origin it is very much possible to produce 100 litres of milk from 10-15 animals. These animals survive very well on the agriculture by-products like wheat straw and paddy straw has meant the production of milk without land. The keeping of the exotic cows like Jersey and Holstein has become a leading business to the property dealer, hotel owners and the educational institutions. With the availability of inputs like disease control, reproduction, nutrition, management, and environmentally controlled housing has meant the keeping of dairy animal as an investment. In the recent time the availability of the frozen sexed semen producing only the female calves has revolutionized the dairy industry. The rate of replacement of herd is has doubled. Mostly the cow and buffalo are purchased from Punjab, Haryana and western UP. The cost of transportation from these area is very high. It is necessary for farmer to produce cows or buffalos along with the production of milk. The biggest constrain in this venture is repeat breeding. The failure of conception after repeated artificial insemination service, this is too much discouraging and this involves factors like quality of semen, trained personals, reproductive technology, nutrition, control of blood parasites, internal parasites and external parasite, and pathological conditions of the uterus etc. In this book from my experience of last 50 years in teaching the cow reproduction and treating the animals for repeat breeding I have sum up the different causes of failure. Hope these suggestions given in this book will help the dairy farmers to know some of the reasons for the failure of conception resulting in repeat breeding. Your suggestions and criticism in improving this book will be appreciated.

Artificial Insemination and Treatment of Infertility in Dairy Animals by Honnappagol and Tandle is a handy work of 16 well experienced faculties drawn from different departments of higher learning. Most of them are actively engaged in under-graduate and post-graduate teaching with considerable expertise. Adequate care has been exercised by the editors to incorporate all the aspects of artificial insemination and infertility in the chapters form 1 to 20 so that it can serve as a real guide to the students and veterinarians and in turn minimizing the possible economic losses to the dairy animal owners and dairy Industry. Adequate care has been taken to include all spheres of infertility starting from endocrinology of estrous cycle, role of nutrition, feed formulation, breeding strategies, estrus detection aids, recent advances in reproduction controlled breeding, fertility improvement use of ultrasound and laparoscopy, therapeutic management of infertility and reproductive disease control. Practical knowledge and skill in respect of handling, storage and evaluation of frozen semen, safety handling of cryocans and liquid nitrogen, factors affecting success rate in artificial insemination programme and drugs and hormones used in treating reproductive disorders is also provided.

Veterinary medicine is advancing at a very rapid pace, particularly given the breadth of the discipline. This book examines new developments covering a wide range of issues from health and welfare in livestock, pets, and wild animals to public health supervision and biomedical research. As well as containing reviews offering fresh insight into specific issues, this book includes a selection of scientific articles which help to chart the advance of this science. The book is divided into several sections. The opening chapters cover the veterinary profession and veterinary science in general, while later chapters look at specific aspects of applied veterinary medicine in pets and in livestock. Finally, research papers are grouped by specialisms with a view to exploring progress in areas such as organ transplantation, therapeutic use of natural substances, and the use of new diagnostic techniques for disease control. This book was produced during World Veterinary Year 2011, which marked the 250th anniversary of the veterinary profession. It provides a fittingly concise and enjoyable overview of the whole science of veterinary medicine.

Reproductive wastage is a major inefficiency in all livestock production with embryonic mortality accounting for a major portion of this loss. Accordingly the Commission of the European Communities encouraged the organisation of a seminar on embryonic mortality in farm animals which was held in Brussels on the 11th and 12th of December 1984. This book contains the text of the papers, discussions and final summary presented at that Seminar. As a background to the Seminar, the extent and timing of embryonic loss was described for farm animals. Particular consideration was then given to the various mechanisms and signals, both embryonic and uterine in origin, that are so far known to be involved in the establishment of pregnancy. Possible causes of embryonic death including physiological, endocrinological, genetic and immunological components were outlined and discussed. The final summary contains general conclusions from the Seminar and recommendations for future research work on this topic. J.M. Sreenan M.G. Diskin July 1985. ******************** THE EXTENT AND TIMING OF EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN THE COW J. M. Sreenan & M. G. Diskin, The Agricultural Institute, Belclare, Tuam, Galway, Ireland ABSTRACT The extent and timing of embryonic mortality in heifers, normal cows and repeat breeder cows has been reviewed.

The historical background. Specification of objectives. Factors determining genetic responses to selective breeding. Herd foundation. Female selection. Male selection. Implementation of breeding programmes.