Resistance Representation And Community

By focusing on three key aspects of life and change as the European state developed, Peter Blickle brings together a wealth of scholarly experience from all over the continent to discuss the subject's role in State formation. Europe has undergone a remarkable process of democratization sincethe end of the Second World War, shifting the thrust of government policy away from foreign affairs and towards internal matters, and rendering social interest and conflict the driving forces in the historical process. This widespread acceptance of democracy has led to a renewed study of the historyof the estates, and a corresponding increase in debate over the concept of representation. Here the debate is taken further with an examination of the role of the city constitution, and developments in rural settlements. Inextricably linked with the advent of wide-scale representation was an increase in resistance: this book examines the geographical spread of such uprisings, and offers explanations of why revolts were so few in Northern Europe but so prevalent in the Central states. The questions of who gainedfrom the uprisings, and what they contributed to the development of the different forms of representation and community are addressed from a pan-European angle. The cities and villages of the late Middle Ages and early modern period were instrumental in building the political structure of the time. These settlements were determinative of the spirit of community, and a close inspection of these communities throws interesting light on the differences betweenpeasant and burgher morality, and how these norms and values were integrated into the legitimizing of the state. This fascinating work examines the citizen's role in European development with a theoretical and conceptual, but also practical and pragmatic approach. The discussion crosses all national boundaries, and in a Europe which is constantly evolving is a relevant and timely addition to theseries.

Political Representation: Communities, Ideas and Institutions in Europe (c. 1200 - c. 1690) offers a wide consideration of the nature of representation in the political assemblies of pre-modern European, evaluating their creation, evolution, membership and ideological context.

Ce volume est le résultat du travail de l'atelier V du programme international de recherches Origins of the Modern State, organisé sous l'égide de la Fondation européenne de la Science. L'objectif de ce programme, qui a regroupé pendant quatre ans une centaine de spécialistes originaires d'une vingtaine de pays différents, est d'offrir une interprétation neuve dans une perspective comparative européenne, embrassant la longue durée et réunissant des spécialistes de diverses disciplines (histoire, philosophie, histoire de l'art, sciences politiques, histoire du droit et sciences juridiques), d'un processus crucial pour l'histoire de l'Europe, à savoir les différents aspects de la formation de l'État du XIIIe au XVIIIe siècle. Ce volume est consacré au rôle de l' " homme du commun " dans la construction de l'État moderne. On voit ici comment son influence a pu s'exercer à travers les résistances qu'il lui opposait, de manière violente ou passive, et aussi à travers les différents relais d'expression dont il disposait, institutionnels ou non, tels que pétitions, assemblées et structures communautaires. Il existait là par nature, en permanence, des moyens d'action souvent efficaces et des espaces de parole où l'" homme du commun " pouvait exprimer les normes et valeurs revendiquées par son groupe. Les résultats obtenus et les hypothèses formulées découlent d'un travail d'équipe appuyé sur des analyses comparatives qui ont fait l'objet d'échanges approfondis. Il est d'ores et déjà possible de conclure que les sujets, bien loin de subir passivement l'élaboration de l'État moderne, y ont activement contribué. Leur action s'est exercée soit directement (exigences satisfaites), soit indirectement par le biais des réactions provoquées, des compromis obtenus ou encore par la " récupération " par l'État lui-même des thèmes de la revendication.

The emergence of the state in Europe is a topic that has engaged historians since the establishment of the discipline of history. Yet the primary focus of has nearly always been to take a top-down approach, whereby the formation and consolidation of public institutions is viewed as the outcome of activities by princes and other social elites. Yet, as the essays in this collection show, such an approach does not provide a complete picture. By investigating the importance of local and individual initiatives that contributed to state building from the late middle ages through to the nineteenth century, this volume shows how popular pressure could influence those in power to develop new institutional structures. By not privileging the role of warfare and of elite coercion for state building, it is possible to question the traditional top-down model and explore the degree to which central agencies might have been more important for state representation than for state practice. The studies included in this collection treat many parts of Europe and deal with different phases in the period between the late middle ages and the nineteenth century. Beginning with a critical review of state historiography, the introduction then sets out the concept of 'empowering interactions' which is then explored in the subsequent case studies and a number of historiographical, methodological and theoretical essays. Taken as a whole this collection provides a fascinating platform to reconsider the relationships between top-down and bottom-up processes in the history of the European state.

The failure of current policy to address important quality of life issues for urban youth remains a substantial barrier to civic participation, educational equity, and healthy adulthood. This volume brings together the work of leading urban youth scholars to highlight the detrimental impact of zero tolerance policies on young people’s educational experience and well being. Inspired by the conviction that urban youth have the right to more equitable educational and social resources and political representation, Beyond Resistance! offers new insights into how to increase the effectiveness of youth development and education programs, and how to create responsive youth policies at the local, state, and federal level.

What kind of political representation existed in the Ancien Régime? Which social sectors were given a voice, and how were they represented in the institutions? These are some of the issues addressed by the authors of this book from different institutional angles (monarchies and republics; parliaments and municipalities), from various European territories and finally from a connected and comparative perspective. The aim is twofold: analyse the different mechanisms of political representation before Liberalism, their strengths and limitations; value the processes of oligarchisation and the possible mismatch between a libertarian model and a reality which was far from its idealised image.

This edited collection offers in-depth perspectives into the emergence and development of LGBTQ+ movements in Central and Eastern Europe, including analysis of Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. The book examines various issues faced by local LGBTQ+ activists, as well as the tactics and strategies which they develop and adopt. The contributors discuss the applicability of Western ideas and concepts to the post-socialist context, considering their ability to fully tackle local nuances and complexities with regards to sexuality and, thus, the dynamics of LGBTQ+ activism. The volume examines differences in the domestic policies of these countries and the consequent effects on LGBTQ+ activism in the region. It also offers important insights into the impact of Western actors in promoting liberal democratic values in the region, and ensuing political and social backlashes. LGBTQ+ Activism in Central and Eastern Europe will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of disciplines, including Gender and Sexuality Studies, Sociology, Anthropology and Political Science.