Response To Congress On Use Of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems

Adequately managed decentralized wastewater systems (DWS) are a cost-effective & long-term option for meeting public health & water quality goals, particularly in less densely populated areas. Small communities' wastewater needs are currently 10% of total wastewater demands. DWS serve 25% of the U.S. pop., & 37% of new development. This report includes: (1) the EPA's analysis of the benefits of DWS alternatives compared to current (i.e., centralized) systems; (2) the potential savings &/or costs assoc. with the use of these alternatives; (3) the ability of EPA to implement these alternatives within the current statutory & reg'y. structure; & (4) the plans of the Agency, if any, to implement any such alternative measures using funds approp. in FY 1997. Illus.

"This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.

Drawing on the authors' combined experience of more than 30 years, Advanced Onsite Wastewater Systems Technologies explores use of these technologies on a wide-scale basis to solve the problems associated with conventional septic tank and drain field systems. The authors discuss a regulatory and management infrastructure for ensuring long-term, rel

This book presents technical information and materials concerning the engineering of decentralized infrastructure to achieve effective wastewater treatment while also minimizing resource consumption and providing a source of reclaimed water, nutrients and organic matter. The approaches, technologies and systems described are targeted for green building and sustainable infrastructure across the United States and similar industrialized nations, but they are also applicable to water and sanitation projects in developing regions around the world. Today, decentralized infrastructure can be used to sustainably serve houses, buildings and developments with water use and wastewater flows of 100 to 100,000 gal/d or more. The book provides in-depth engineering coverage of the subject in a narrative and slide format specifically designed for classroom lectures or facilitated self-study. Key topics are covered including: engineering to satisfy project goals and requirements including sustainability, contemporary water use and wastewater generation and methods to achieve water use efficiency and source separation, alternative methods of wastewater collection and conveyance, and treatment and reuse operations including tank-based (e.g., septic tanks, aerobic treatment units, porous media biofilters, membrane bioreactors), wetland-based (e.g., free water surface and vegetated subsurface bed wetlands), and land-based unit operations (e.g., subsurface soil infiltration, shallow drip dispersal). Approaches and technologies are also presented that can achieve nutrient reduction and resource recovery in some cases or pathogen destruction to enable a particular discharge or reuse plan. The book also describes requirements and methods for effective management of the process solids, sludges and residuals that can be generated by various approaches, technologies, and systems. The book contains over 300 figures and illustrations of technologies and systems and over 150 tables of design and performance data. There are also more than 200 questions and problems relevant to the topics covered including example problems that have solutions presented to illustrate engineering concepts and calculations.