Restoration Revolution Reaction

A study of the economic and social changes which shaped the movement for German unification. The author emphasizes the effect of industrialism on urban life, traces the decline of manorialism in agriculture and seeks to show that the political movements of these years were profoundly influenced by the economic transition from agrarianism to capitalism.

An engaging range of period texts and theme books for AS and A Level history. In many ways the period 1789-1849 saw the birth of the modern world, as the people of Europe grappled with the impact of the new political and social ideas, rapid population growth and the acceleration of the industrialisation. The clash between the forces of change and of conservatism provoked crisis, war, revolution and reaction. Andrew Matthews provides a lively and intelligent account. In chapters that focus on the French Revolution, Napoleon, Restoration France, Metternich's Europe and the 1848 revolutions, he considers the key individuals, groups and political, social and economic pressures that produced so much revolution, repression and war.

The French Revolution of 1789 is a watershed in European history; no country escaped its impact, which shattered long-standing traditions and set forth new ideals that powerfully affected succeeding generations. In this edition, Charles Breunig incorporates the most recent scholarship in his account of the Revolution and the events it unleashed: the near-conquest of Europe by Napoleon, the "Concert of Europe" established at the Congress of Vienna, the era of Restoration during which efforts were made to preserve the status quo against sporadic outbursts that culminated in the revolutions of 1848. He expands significantly his treatment of the emergence of new classes and the profound economic and cultural changes that were set in motion by the Industrial Revolution.

Beyond the Barricades is an original study of government after the 1848 revolutions. It focuses on the state of Prussia, where a number of conservative ministers sought to learn lessons from their experiences of upheaval and introduce a wave of reform in the 1850s. Using extensive archival research, the work explores Prussia's entry into the constitutional age, charting initiatives to transform criminal justice, agriculture, industry, communications, urban life, and the press. Reform strengthened contact with the Prussian population, making this a classic episode of state-building, but Beyond the Barricades seeks to go further. It makes a case for taking notice of government activity at this particular juncture because the measures endorsed by conservative statesmen in the 1850s sought to remove the feudal intermediaries that had lingered long into the nineteenth century and replace them with an array of government institutions, legal regimes, and official practices. In sum, this book recasts the post-revolutionary decade as a period which saw the transition from an old to a new world, pivotal to the making of modern Prussia and ultimately, modern Germany.

This superb account of the development of scientific research in the state of Baden places the growth of science in nineteenth century Germany within a broad social and economic context. The book analyses the progress of scientific research and its institutionalization in the state university system. Focusing on the experimental sciences, the book explores the introduction of the research ethic into the university medical curriculum, and the process by which laboratory science came to be an essential pedagogical tool in the education of future citizens of the state. The social and economic changes that ultimately transformed Germany into a modern industrial state are also considered. It was within this setting that laboratory training, once considered inappropriate for university studies, grew in status, and that dissatisfaction with the overly theoretical education traditionally offered by the universities began to increase. Thus, much like computers today, the scientific method in the nineteenth century came to represent an instrument for teaching not only specific skills but also a particular way of approaching, analyzing, and solving the problems of an industrializing economy. This compelling volume will be of interest to historians of science, medicine, and European studies.

Through the study of Hamburg handicraft in the late Weimar Republic ‘Hometown Hamburg’ addresses three intertwined problems in modern German history: the role of institutionalized social, political and cultural continuity versus contingency in the course of modern German development; the impact of conflicting notions of social order on the survival of liberal democracy; and the role of corporate politics in the rise of National Socialism.