Risk In Financial Markets Monetary Policy In New Zealand

Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,7 (A-), UNITEC New Zealand (Business Studies), 3 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Risk in financial markets becomes a major issue regarding financial transactions between parties in the market. "Risk in finance relates to the uncertainty of both the amount and timing of the future cash flows of a business or project". (Anonymous, no year) It occurs when financial decisions have to be made with an amount of uncertainty about the pay-off of the financial transaction. This is because of insufficient knowledge about the other party involved in the transaction, which is called incomplete or asymmetric information. This lack of information makes it difficult to decide accurately and creates a problem on two fronts, before and after the transaction. (Mishkin, 2001, p. 34-35, 187)

This paper presents key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment for New Zealand, including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Monetary and Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, and Securities Regulation. The assessment reveals that New Zealand has a profitable and well-functioning financial system, operating in a framework of well-developed financial markets. Short-term risks to stability appear low, given the favorable macroeconomic outlook, and sound and transparent financial policies. Stress tests for systemically important banks show resilience consistent with the sector’s relatively high levels of capital and profits.

Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,7 (A-), UNITEC New Zealand (Business Studies), language: English, abstract: It is an aim of a financial market to provide a source of finance to particular target groups. This section deals largely with the financial instruments used by the market participants to raise funds, how these instruments are issued and how they are traded. The participants in the money and bond market are investors and borrowers. To highlight financial instruments from the borrowers′ point of view it makes sense to divide the group of borrowers in two distinct categories: The `Crown′ market consists of the Reserve Bank and the central government whereas the borrowers in the `Non-Crown′ market are financial intermediaries such as banks, corporations, state owned enterprises, local authorities, etc. as you can see in the table above. (Potter, 2000 [A]; Potter, 2000 [B]) The financial instruments in these two markets will be analysed separately in the sections to come: The `Crown′ market consists of the Reserve Bank and the central government whereas the borrowers in the `Non-Crown′ market are financial intermediaries such as banks, corporations, state owned enterprises, local authorities, etc. as you can see in the table above. (Potter, 2000 [A]; Potter, 2000 [B]) The financial instruments in these two markets will be analysed separately in the sections to come:

Concludes the role of asset prices in monetary policy is one of the most important, and difficult, questions confronting central banks.

The book covers a wide range of topics of relevance to policymakers in countries that have sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and those that receive SWF investments. Renowned experts in the field have contributed chapters. The book is organized around four themes: (1) the role and macrofinancial linkages of SWFs, (2) institutional factors, (3) investment approaches and financial markets, and (4) the postcrisis outlook. The book also discusses the challenges facing sovereign wealth funds in the coming years, from an inside perspective on countries, including Canada, Chile, China, Norway, Russia, and New Zealand. Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds will contribute to a further understanding of the nature, strategies and behavior of SWFs and the environment in which they operate, as their importance is likely to grow in the coming years.

Since Dec. 2008, the Fed. Reserve¿s traditional policy instrument, the target federal funds rate, has been near zero. In order to further ease the stance of monetary policy as the economic outlook deteriorated, the Fed. Reserve purchased substantial quantities of assets with medium and long maturities. This paper explains how these purchases were implemented and discusses how they can affect the economy. The purchases led to meaningful and long-lasting reductions in longer-term interest rates (IR) on a range of securities, incl. securities that were not included in the purchase programs. These reductions in IR primarily reflect lower risk premiums, including term premiums, rather than lower expectations of future short-term IR. Tables.

This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.