Rotation Reflection And Frame Changes

Rotation, Reflection, and Frame Changes is an engineer's practical resource for rotation-related theorems that might otherwise be difficult to find in the literature. By providing extensive tutorials in requisite mathematics, intuitive insight, and computer source code, this work stands as a definitive contribution to engineering mechanics.

Tensor analysis is used in engineering and science fields. This new edition provides engineers and applied scientists the tools and techniques of tensor analysis for applications in practical problem solving and analysis activities. The geometry is limited to the Euclidean space/geometry, where the Pythagorean Theorem applies, with well-defined Cartesian coordinate systems as the reference. Quantities defined in curvilinear coordinate systems, like cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, etc. are discussed and several examples and coordinates sketches with related calculations are presented. In addition, the book has several worked-out examples for helping readers with mastering the topics provided in the prior sections. FEATURES: Expanded content on the rigid body rotation and Cartesian tensors by including Euler angles and quaternion methods Easy to understand mathematical concepts through numerous figures, solved examples, and exercises List of gradient-like operators for major systems of coordinates.

A bestselling textbook in its first three editions, Continuum Mechanics for Engineers, Fourth Edition provides engineering students with a complete, concise, and accessible introduction to advanced engineering mechanics. It provides information that is useful in emerging engineering areas, such as micro-mechanics and biomechanics. Through a mastery of this volume’s contents and additional rigorous finite element training, readers will develop the mechanics foundation necessary to skillfully use modern, advanced design tools. Features: Provides a basic, understandable approach to the concepts, mathematics, and engineering applications of continuum mechanics Updated throughout, and adds a new chapter on plasticity Features an expanded coverage of fluids Includes numerous all new end-of-chapter problems With an abundance of worked examples and chapter problems, it carefully explains necessary mathematics and presents numerous illustrations, giving students and practicing professionals an excellent self-study guide to enhance their skills.

Almost all materials are inhomogeneous at the microscale. Typical examples are fiber- and grain structures made of anisotropic phases. These cannot be accounted for in detail in engineering calculations. Instead, effective, homogeneous material properties are used. These are obtained from the inhomogeneous structures by homogenization methods. This book provides a structured overview of the analytical homogenization methods, including the most common estimates, bounds, and Fourier methods. The focus is on linear and anisotropic constitutive relationships, like Hookean elasticity and Fourier’s law for thermal conduction. All sections are accompanied by example calculations, including program code that is also available online.

Effective mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites strongly depend on the microstructure, including the fibers' orientation. Studying this dependency, we identify the variety of fiber orientation tensors up to fourth-order using irreducible tensors and material symmetry. The case of planar fiber orientation tensors, relevant for sheet molding compound, is presented completely. Consequences for the reconstruction of fiber distributions and mean field homogenization are presented.

"The early chapters contain the topics from linear algebra that students need to know in order to read the rest of the book. The later chapters are devoted to advanced topics, which allow students with more experience to study more intricate types of frames. Toward that end, a Student Presentation section gives detailed proofs of fairly technical results with the intention that a student could work out these proofs independently and prepare a presentation to a class or research group. The authors have also presented some stories in the Anecdotes section about how this material has motivated and influenced their students."--BOOK JACKET.

It is not an exaggeration to say that one of the most exciting predictions of Einstein's theory of gravitation is that there may exist "black holes": putative objects whose gravitational fields are so strong that no physical bodies or signals can break free of their pull and escape. The proof that black holes do exist, and an analysis of their properties, would have a significance going far beyond astrophysics. Indeed, what is involved is not just the discovery of yet another even if extremely remarkable, astro physical object, but a test of the correctness of our understanding of the properties of space and time in extremely strong gravitational fields. Theoretical research into the properties of black holes, and into the possible corol laries of the hypothesis that they exist, has been carried out with special vigor since the beginning of the 1970's. In addition to those specific features of black holes that are important for the interpretation of their possible astrophysical manifestations, the theory has revealed a number of unexpected characteristics of physical interactions involving black holes. By the middle of the 1980's a fairly detailed understanding had been achieved of the properties of the black holes, their possible astrophysical manifestations, and the specifics of the various physical processes involved. Even though a completely reliable detection of a black hole had not yet been made at that time, several objects among those scrutinized by astrophysicists were considered as strong candidates to be confirmed as being black holes.