Sampling Of Powders And Bulk Materials

The present book is based on the experience of sampling powders and bulk materials at institute of "Mechanische Verfahrens technik " , Karlsruhe University (Germany). sampling is understood to be the taking of samples from a material in order to obtain information about the composition of the total amount in respect of one or more attributes, such as metal content, ash content, moisture, particle size, particle shape etc. In the case of granular bulk material already comminuted or not, samples from tubs, trucks, bags or barrels. As granular material has a strong tendency to segregate, portions must be removed form these containers at many places. The book describes the basic theory behind sampling materials in powder or granular form. In addition to providing fundamental statistical data, it also highlights the mistakes that can arise in the different types of sampling techniques, such as suspensions, pellet cross-sections, sample dividing, or sampling according to number or weight. If the samples contain individual particles, comparable in size to the size of the sample itself then in addition to the number of individual elements in the sample and the type of sampling the particle size and particle size distribution will be further variables. This book will pay special attention to this fact important for the whole of powder technology, the chemical, pharmaceutical, food and and for mineral processing industry.

This book focuses on the practical aspects of particle size measurement: a major difference with existing books, which have a more theoretical approach. Of course, the emphasis still lies on the measurement techniques. For optimum application, their theoretical background is accompanied by quantitative quality aspects, limitations and problem identification. In addition the book covers the phenomena of sampling and dispersion of powders, either of which may be dominant in the overall analysis error. Moreover, there are chapters on the general aspects of quality for particle size analysis, quality management, reference materials and written standards, in- and on-line measurement, definitions and multilingual terminology, and on the statistics required for adequate interpretation of results. Importantly, a relation is made to product performance, both during processing as well as in final application. In view of its set-up, this book is well suited to support particle size measurement courses.

The book concentrates on powder flow properties, their measurement and applications. These topics are explained starting from the interactions between individual particles up to the design of silos. A wide range of problems are discussed – such as flow obstructions, segregation, and vibrations. The goal is to provide a deeper understanding of the powder flow, and to show practical solutions.

Powder technology is a rapidly expanding technology and nowhere more than in particle characterization. There has been an explosion of new particle measuring techniques in the past ten year particularly in the field of on-line measurement. One of the main aims of this book is to bring the reader up-to-date with current practices. One important area of interest is the improvements in on-line light scattering instruments and the introduction of ultrasonic on-line devices. Another is the introduction of on-line microscopy, which permits shape analysis in conjunction with particle sizing. Schools of powder technology are common in Europe and Japan but the importance of this subject has only recently been recognised in America with the emergence of the Particle Research Centre (PERC) at the University of Florida in Gainsville. - Details all the latest developments in powder technology - Written by established authority on powder technology - A comprehensive text covering all aspects of powder technology and handling of particulate solids including characterization, handling and applications

Powders and bulk solids, handled widely in the chemical, pharmaceutical, agriculture, smelting, and other industries present unique fire, explosion, and toxicity hazards. Indeed, substances which are practically inert in consolidated form may become quite hazardous when converted to powders and granules. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board is currently investigating dust explosions that occured in 2003 at WestPharma, CTA Acoustics, and Hayes-Lemmerz, and is likely to recommend that companies that handle powders or whose operations produce dust pay more attention to understanding the hazards that may exist at their facility. This new CCPS guidelines book will discuss the types of hazards that can occur in a wide range of process equipment and with a wide range of substances, and will present measures to address these hazards.

This first monograph in the new AAPS book series concisely reviews important aspects of powder and particle systems and the critical quality attributes that should be used as a guide to future developments intended to maximize the control of product quality and performance. Drs. Hickey and Giovagnoli have written an essential primer for any scientists involved in powder or particle research and manufacturing. It is appropriate for those just entering the field or as a rapid reference for the experienced pharmaceutical scientist. The authors have both academic and industrial experience and the coverage includes solid state chemistry; crystallization; physical processes; particle size and distribution;particle interaction;manufacturing processes;quality by design;and a general discussion of the industry. Pharmaceutical Powder and Particles is intended to concisely review important aspects of powder and particle systems and the critical quality attributes that should be used as a guide to future developments intended to maximize the control of product quality and performance.