Scritti E Discorsi Di Benito Mussolini Scritti E Discorsi Dal 1932 Al 1933

Il 21 giugno 1921 Mussolini pronuncia alla Camera dei deputati il suo primo discorso parlamentare, un esordio che segna un «punto di svolta nella sua carriera politica». Da «agitatore, giornalista e tribuno» si accinge a trasformarsi in uomo di governo che «traduce quotidianamente i termini della disputa in indicazioni di carattere generale», che a loro volta diventano i capisaldi della costruzione di uno Stato nuovo. Con un approccio storico-critico rigoroso, Fabio Frosini raccoglie gli interventi che racchiudono i temi essenziali alla comprensione di questo progetto nel suo primo decennio, fino a quel 1932, anniversario della marcia su Roma, che ne sancirà la piena stabilizzazione ma anche l’inizio della crisi. Se la storiografia dell’ultimo cinquantennio si è occupata ampiamente della personalità e delle prese di posizione di Mussolini e ha dedicato invece poca attenzione ai suoi testi, questo volume sottrae articoli, saggi, interviste e discorsi al «raggio dell’eredità storica del fascismo» in cui sono stati quasi per intero confinati. Dall’analisi delle dinamiche sottese alla genesi di un «regime che provvede e prevede» – il rapporto fra politica e cultura, fra tecniche di gestione e governo, e fra Stato ed economia, il mito della rivoluzione, il capitalismo nascente, l’ideologia post liberale – emerge il ruolo chiave svolto dal corporativismo nel fare del popolo, adeguatamente disciplinato, lo strumento della potenza della nazione. Considerato in quel momento da buona parte dell’opinione pubblica «tutt’altro che una disgrazia», il fascismo degli anni venti è apparso, persino a Benedetto Croce e Antonio Gramsci, come la forza che ha traghettato l’Italia fuori dalla crisi d’autorità in cui era precipitata dopo la guerra e come il mezzo che, di fatto, ne ha unificato il «tessuto» morale e sociale.

This exploration of the environmental practices of Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime invites readers to consider the ecological connections of all political projects. “We might think we see a mountain while it was a war; a forest can actually be an engine; a monument to workers might reflect the violence of a colonial empire.”—extracted from Mussolini’s Nature In this first environmental history of Italian fascism, Marco Armiero, Roberta Biasillo, and Wilko Graf von Hardenberg reveal that nature and fascist rhetoric are inextricable. Mussolini’s Nature explores fascist political ecologies, or rather the practices and narratives through which the regime constructed imaginary and material ecologies functional to its political project. The book does not pursue the ghost of a green Mussolini by counting how many national parks were created during the regime or how many trees planted. Instead, the reader is trained to recognize fascist political ecology in Mussolini’s speeches, reclaimed landscapes, policies of economic self-sufficiency, propaganda documentaries, reforested areas, and in the environmental transformation of its colonial holdings. The authors conclude with an examination of the role of fascist landscapes in the country’s postwar reconstruction: Mussolini’s nature is still visible today through plaques, monuments, toponomy, and the shapes of landscapes. This original, and surprisingly intimate, environmental history is not merely a chronicle of conservation in fascist Italy but also an invitation to consider the socioecological connections of all political projects.

In the last years, the discussion around what is fascism, if this concept can be applied to present forms of politics and if its seeds are still present today, became central in the political debate. This discussion led to a vast reconsideration of the meaning and the experience of fascism in Europe and is changing the ways in which scholars of different generations look at this political ideology and come back to it and it is also changing the ways in which we consider the experience of Italian fascism in the European and global context. The aim of the book is building a general history of Fascism and its historiography through the analysis of 13 different fundamental aspects, which were at the core of Fascist project or of Fascist practices during the regime. Each essay considers a specific and meaningful aspect of the history of Italian fascism, reflecting on it from the vantage point of a case study. The essays thus reinterrogates the history of Fascism to understand in which way Fascism was able to mould the historical context in which it was born, how and if it transformed political, cultural, social elements that were already present in Italy. The themes considered are violence, empire, war, politics, economy, religion, culture, but also antifascism and the impact of Fascism abroad, especially in the Twenties and at the beginnings of the Thirties. The book could be both used for a general public interested in the history of Europe in the interwar period and for an academic and scholarly public, since the essays aim to develop a provocative reflection on their own area of research.