Sewage Polluted Oysters As A Cause Of Typhoid And Other Gastro Intestinal Disturbances

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Excerpt from Sewage-Polluted Oysters as a Cause of Typhoid and Other Gastro-Intestinal Disturbances: A Study of an Epidemic and of Certain Individual Cases Many years ago attention was called to the fact that infected shell fish, when consumed raw, might cause outbreaks of typhoid fever, cholera, and other intestinal diseases. This fact was especially noticeable in densely populated European coast towns and cities, near many of which were located extensive Shellfish grounds grossly contaminated with sewage. In this country the question of shell fish pollution has received greater attention since the epidemic of typhoid fever traced to oysters at Wesleyan University in 1894 and the Lawrence outbreak in 1905, and particularly since the passage of the food and drugs act of 1906. Since the season of 1908 the Bureau of Chemistry has been making extensive investigations pertaining to the oyster industry, embracing almost every feature of the problem, beginning with the examination of oysters, dredged or tonged from their beds, and carried through the various processes of handling until the-oysters are ready for the consumer. Approximately samples have been examined bacteriologically up to the present time, including oysters and clams, either Shucked or in the shell, and water samples collected from over the grounds on which the Shellfish grew. This report deals principally with an epidemic of typhoid fever and other gastrointestinal disturbances following the Minisink banquet, given on October 5, 1911, at the Music Hall of Goshen, the county seat of Orange County, New York State. Some individual cases, especially at Rochester, N. Y., and the conditions surrounding the smaller banquet of schoolmasters, held at Newburgh, N. Y., are also reported. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

First published in 1983: This handbook provides an overview of different biological agents and important toxins that may cause diseases on ingestion with food or water.