Sexual Violation In The Hebrew Bible

Mary Anna Bader considers the implications of these narratives in the current context, citing patterns of student reactions to these texts and teaching opportunities.

"It is widely recognized that the Hebrew Bible is filled with rape and sexual violence. However, feminist approaches to the topic remain dominated by Phyllis Trible's 1984 Texts of Terror, which describes feminist criticism as a practice of "telling sad stories." Pushing beyond Trible, Texts after Terror offers a new framework for reading biblical sexual violence, one that draws on recent work in feminist, queer, and affect theory and activism against sexual violence and rape culture. In the Hebrew Bible as in the contemporary world, sexual violence is frequently fuzzy, messy, and icky. Fuzzy names the ambiguity and confusion that often surround experiences of sexual violence. Messy identifies the consequences of rape, while also describing messy sex and bodies. Icky points out the ways that sexual violence fails to fit into neat patterns of evil perpetrators and innocent victims. Building on these concepts, Texts after Terror offers a number of new feminist strategies and approaches to sexual violence: critiquing the framework of consent, offering new models of sexual harm, emphasizing the importance of relationships between women (even in the context of stories of heterosexual rape), reading biblical rape texts with and through contemporary texts written by survivors, advocating for "unhappy reading" that makes unhappiness and open-endedness into key feminist sites of possibility. Texts after Terror also discusses a wide range of biblical rape stories, including Dinah (Gen. 43), Tamar (2 Sam. 13), Lot's daughters (Gen. 19), Bathsheba (2 Sam. 11), Hagar (Gen. 16 and 21), Daughter Zion (Lam. 1 and 2), and the Levite's concubine (Judg. 19)"--

In Configurations of Rape in the Hebrew Bible, Frank M. Yamada explores the compelling similarity among three rape narratives found in the Hebrew Scriptures. These three stories the rape of Dinah (Genesis 34), the rape of an unnamed concubine (Judges 19), and the rape of Tamar, daughter of David (2 Samuel 13) move through the same plot progression: an initial sexual violation of a woman leads to escalating violence among men, resulting in some form of social fragmentation. In this intriguing study, Yamada draws from the disciplines of literary and narrative criticism, feminist biblical interpretation, and cultural anthropology to argue for a family resemblance among these three stories about rape."

In Sacred Witness, Susanne Scholz discusses the wide range of rape texts in biblical literaturesome that long have troubled readers, others that should have but didn't, such as texts of marital rape, for example, or metaphorical speech about God as rapist. Assuming the androcentric nature of these writings, Scholz asks how we may read these texts in order to find some redemptive meaning for women, children, and men who have been injured by sexual violence and by "cultures of rape." Sacred Witness provides illuminating reflection on some of the most troubling texts in the Hebrew Bible.

Resisting Rape Culture tackles controversial and harrowing rape myths prevalent in rape culture: namely that sex workers do not get raped, and that they are deserving victims of sexual violence. Commonly, sociocultural discourses depict sex workers as morally deficient and promiscuous, having sex with multiple clients in exchange for payment. Consequently, they are often considered deserving of rape, sexual assault and other forms of abuse, or as people who should expect to receive such treatment. In a way, the Hebrew Bible contributes to such stigmatization of and discrimination against sex workers, given first, its authority and second, its negative portrayals of prostitutes as outsiders. This cutting-edge book describes the rape culture in Hong Kong, focusing on how Hong Kong Christians interpret the Bible concerning prostitutes, and in turn how this affects the treatment of sex workers. Arguably, when interpretations malign the prostitutes in the Bible, and do not critique how the Bible portrays these women, we promote the stigmatization of sex workers and, in doing so, normalise and trivialise sexual discrimination, abuse and violence, ultimately promoting rape culture.

At the heart of many religions are sacred texts that depict or even incite sexual violence. Most of this violence is directed against women and girls. Sexual Violence and Sacred Texts opens up an informed, passionate, interfaith dialogue for scholars and activists seeking to transform social problems that impact women and girls globally. Situated within struggles toward gender equity and widespread spiritual flourishing, these essays empower religious leaders, academics, and laypersons to confront and to creatively engage with sacred texts that re-inscribe sexual violence.

Biblical studies is increasingly interdisciplinary and frequently focuses on how the Bible is read, received, and represented in the contemporary world, including in politics, news media, and popular culture. Rape Myths, the Bible and #MeToo illustrates this with particular and critical assessment of #MeToo and its rapid and global impact. Rape myths – in particular the myth that rape victims are complicit in the violence they encounter, which consequently renders sexual violence ‘not so bad’ – are examined both with regard to current backlash to #MeToo and to biblical texts that undermine the violence perpetrated by rape. This includes aggressive media attacks on the accusers of powerful men, as well as depictions of biblical rape victims such as Dinah (Genesis 34), Bathsheba, and Tamar (2 Samuel 11–13). Biblical studies channels and expresses wider cultural and political manifestations. This exemplifies that the influence of ancient texts is abiding and the study of the past cutting edge.

"At least one in six men have experienced some form of sexual violence. The Bible and Sexual Violence Against Men argues that the shame and stigma around male sexual abuse are interwoven with contemporary social and cultural concepts of masculinity, and are also found in the ancient world and biblical texts themselves. This book is interdisciplinary and has three main areas of exploration: Men Too? Exploring the myths around sexual violence against men sexual violence against men in the Hebrew Bible reading Jesus' enforced nudity at the crucifixion as sexual violence. Given the enduring importance of the Bible in contemporary society, this book explores the biblical texts that depict sexual violence against men. It examines critical approaches from theology, biblical and religious studies perspectives, while also exploring insights from the fields of sociology, psychology, criminology as well as referring to legal cases and legislation, charity work and media focussed articles. In seeking to serve a number of interested readers, including those who are not familiar with the Bible, short summaries of the biblical texts under discussion are given in each case"--