Shakespeare S Politic Histories

In a series of readings, the author examines Shakespeare's five major history plays and accounts for their continued popularity, both in film and on stage. He examines the historical context out of which the plays emerged, and describes how the period gave birth to a modern form of politics.

There is political interest everywhere in Shakespeare. Macbeth and Hamlet are concerned with kingship, Measure for Measure with law, The Tempest with power. Shakespeare is consistently interested in rulers, law, questions of authority and obedience - as well as the politics of personal relationships. In this book Alexander Leggatt concentrates on the ordering and enforcing, the gaining and losing, of public power in the state, in the English and Roman histories. He sees Shakespeare as concerned both with things as they are, and with things as they ought to be: his depiction of public life includes clear appraisals of the one, and powerful images of the other. It is the interplay of the two that makes the drama.

The politics of virtue -- Honour and its enemies: women on top - again -- Anti-popery -- Divided we fall: the politics of faction in time of war -- CHAPTER 6 Richard III: political ends, providential means -- The making of a Machiavel -- Monstrous bodies and providential signs -- Signs and prophecies -- The audience as 'high all- seer' -- Ambiguities of 'evil counsel' -- From providence to predestination: the return of legitimacy -- Richard III as a guide to the past, present and future -- CHAPTER 7 Going Roman: Richard III and Titus Andronicus compared

First published in 1947 in the USA. This edition reprints the first UK edition of 1964. Published to critical acclaim, the central argument of this book is that the historical play must be studied as a genre separate from tragedy and comedy. Just as there is in Shakespearean tragedies a dominant ethical pattern of passion opposed to reason, so there is in the history plays a dominant political pattern characteristic of the political philosophy of the age. From the 'troublesome reign' of King John to the 'tragical doings' of Richard III, Shakespeare wove the events of English history into plots of universal interest.

"This book argues that these plays are informed by the Italian 'politic histories' of the early modern period, those works of history, inspired by the Roman historian Tacitus, that sought to explore the machinations of power politics in governance and in the shaping of historical events; that a close reading of these Italian 'politic histories' will greatly aid our understanding of the 'politic' qualities dramatized in Shakespeare's early English History plays; that the writings of Niccolò Machiavelli, above all, will likewise aid to such understanding; that, while these 'politic histories' were available (or at least known) to many English early modern writers, Shakespeare included, they are helpful more as grounds for political and strategic analogy than as an opportunity to ascertain particular points of direct influence. While a reading of the Italian 'politic' historians can aid in our understanding of Shakespeare's achievement, we should also regard the English History plays as 'politic histories' in their own right, i.e. as dramatized versions of precisely the same kinds of 'politic' historical writing, with its emphasis on ragion di Stato or raison d'état. This emphasis on what the Elizabethans called 'stratagems' also suggests new ways to read the plays and to interpret the motivation and action of its characters, ways that challenge some of our more established reading of the plays' 'Machiavellian' characters (particularly Richard III), that suggest far greater strategic acumen on the part of previously overlooked characters such as Buckingham and Stanley, and that provide a new way to read the history plays of Shakespeare's early career"--

Leading literary scholars and historians examine Shakespeare's engagement with the characteristic questions of early modern political thought.

First published in 1987. The essays in Shakespeare Reproduced offer a political critique of Shakespeare's writings and the uses to which those writings are put Some of the essays focus on Shakespeare in his own time and consider how his plays can be seen to reproduce or subvert the cultural orthodoxies and the power relations of the late Renaissance. Others examine the forces which have produced an overtly political criticism of Shakespeare and of his use in culture. Contributors include: Jean E Howard and Marion O'Connor, Walter Cohen, Don E Wayne, Thomas Cartelli, Peter Erickson, Karen Newman, Thomas Moisan, Michael D Bristol, Thomas Sorge, Jonathan Goldberg, Robert Weimann, Margaret Ferguson.